Oxidation of hydrogen chloride

By the oxidation of hydrogen chloride. A mixture of hydrogen chloride with air or oxygen is passed over a catalyst of copper(II)... 

Chlorine can be made on a small scale by oxidation of hydrogen chloride with, e.g., manganese dioxide ... 

NaCl + H2S04 HC1 + NaHS04 NaCl + NaHS04 -> HC1 + Na2S04 The oxidation of hydrogen chloride by atmospheric oxygen,... 

The Deacon process for the heterogeneously catalyzed oxidation of hydrogen chloride to chlorine at around 350 °C represents an energetically and possibly... 

P5C-3 In The kinetics of the oxidation of hydrogen chloride over molten salt catalysts, Chem. Eng. ScL, 23, 981 (1968), use Figure 2 in the article to determine the initial rate of HCI oxidation for the various oxygen concentrations. Include these data in Figure 3 together with the other data. Is it possible to explain the curvature in the line at small partial pressures of cldorine (the square root of the partial pressure of Cl ) ... 

The non-electrolytic processes for the manufacture of chlorine from hydrogen chloride (Deacon, air oxidation of hydrogen chloride Weldon, manganese dioxide oxidation of hydrogen chloride) which marked the beginning of industrial chlorine chemistry, are currently of only minor importance. 

Derivation (1) Electrolysis of sodium chloride brine in either diaphragm or mercury-cathode cells chlorine is released at the anode. (2) Fused-salt electrolysis of sodium or magnesium chloride. (3) Electrolysis of hydrochloric acid. (4) Oxidation of hydrogen chloride with nitrogen oxide as catalyst and absorption of steam with sulfuric acid ( KeloChlor process). No by-product caustic is produced. 

Deacon process. A method of converting hydrogen chloride to chlorine by oxidation of hydrogen chloride with oxygen at 400-500C over a copper-salt catalyst, 2HC1 + O —> + H20. It is a... 

The analysis of the known and our own experimental data indicated that the properties required may be offered by a copper-containing cement-based catalytic system modified with alkali metals. In this catalyst, copper-containing active sites catalyze the oxidation of hydrogen chloride, whereas the activity of the catalyst in the dehydrochlorination reaction is determined by the acid—base surface properties, which are inherent to cements with different phase compositions. 

It is known that the chlorination of ethane with chlorine formed in the oxidation of hydrogen chloride proceeds by a heterogeneous—homogeneous mechanism [3]. This is why the effieiency of cement catalysts was studied separately by the examples of Deacon reaction and dichloroethane dehydrochlorination reaction. 

This improved the economics, and the Weldon process operated for a time. A novel process for producing chlorine by the oxidation of hydrogen chloride with air, catalyzed by cupric chloride, then appeared ... 

Electrolysis of molten NaCl is also carried out on a large scale, yielding sodium metal at the cathode rather than hydrogen. Still other processes involve the electrolysis of fused magnesium chloride (MgCU) or the oxidation of hydrogen chloride by oxygen or air in the presence of a copper catalyst. 

A catalyst is essential for the economic oxidation of hydrogen chloride to chlorine by air or oxygen (Deacon Process), and the catalyst must be active at low temperature and have adequate life. There are many patents claiming improved catalysts and equipment. Most of the catalysts are oxides and/or chlorides of metals on various substrates. Only three processes have been commercialized. 

Mitsui Chemicals Inc. The Mitsui MT-Chlor Process, Catalytic Oxidation of Hydrogen Chloride, company brochure. 

An important sector of heavy inorganic chemical manufacturing is the production of chlorine and sodium hydroxide — the chlor-alkali industry. The manufacture of these chemicals has a long history. Today they are produced simultaneously by the electrolysis of sodium chloride solutions, but this was not always the case. The two chemicals were originally manufactured by different routes. In the 19th century chlorine was made by the oxidation of hydrogen chloride (itself made by reaction of salt with sulfuric acid) using the Deacon process. Sodium hydroxide was prepared by the reaction of calcium hydroxide with sodium carbonate — the lime-soda process. 

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