Oxalacetic hydroxy

Acetic, aconitic, ascorbic, benzoic, butyric, caffeic, citric, /j-coumaric, ferulic, fumaric, glutaric, glycolic, glyoxilic, malic, malonic, oxalacetic, oxalic, p-hydroxy benzoic, propionic, succinic, syringic, tartaric, valeric, vanillic Fatty acids... 

Metal amalgams may be used for reduction of the keto groups in keto esters provided the medium does not cause hydrolysis of the ester. Because of that aluminum amalgam in ether is preferable to sodium amalgam in aqueous solutions. Diethyl oxalacetate was reduced to diethyl malate by sodium amalgam in 50% yield and with aluminum amalgam in 80% yield [148], Stereospecific reduction of a- and fi-keto esters to optically pure hydroxy esters was achieved by biochemical reduction in moderate to good yields. Saccharomyces cerevisiae converted methyl 2-keto-2-phenylacetate to methyl... 

Bromate, chloride, bromide, nitrite, nitrate, hypophosphite (HP022 ), selenite, selenate, sulphate, phosphate, pyrophosphate, arsenate, chromate, a-hydroxybutyrate, butyrate, formate, acetate, glycolate, gluconate, valerate, a-hydroxy valerate, pyruvate, monochloroacetate, dichloroacetate, trifluoroacetate, galactonurate, gluconurate, a-keto-glutarate, oxalate, fumarate, phthalate, oxalacetate, citrate, isocitrate, cis aconitate, trans aconitate, succinate, maleate, malonate, quinate, tartrate, hexane sulphonate, octane sulphonate, octane sulphate, decane sulphonate, dodecane sulphonate and dodecane sulphate... 

Diethyl methyloxalacetate (106J, R = Me) adds to tetrahydropyridine and forms a new pyrroledione ring, but diethyl oxalacetate gives a product which is shown to be the enol form of the corresponding dione [2744]. The 1,2-double bond of 3A/-indoles undergoes a cycloaddition on treatment at ambient temperature with either diethyl oxalacetate or oxalopropionate. When R = H, the product may exist as its 2-hydroxy tautomer [3394]. Successive N- and... 

Malic Dehydrogenase. The oxidation of the hydroxy dicarboxylic acid, malic acid, is catalyzed by two different enzymes a simple dehydrogenase, employing pjrridine nucleotides to oxidize malate to oxalacetate (VII), and an enzyme that catalyzes an oxidative decarboxylation (VIII). 

The ThDP-dependent 2-sucdnyl-5-enolpyruvyl-6-hydroxy-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate synthase (MenD) from Escherichia coli K12, uses ketoadds as donor substrates. MenD was found to catalyze the acyloin condensation of a-ketoglutarate to a broad range of aldehydes to furnish (k)-configured a-hydroxyketones with high stereoselectivities (Table 10.5) [14], Pyruvate and oxalacetate are also accepted as donors, but at a lower rate [53]. 

A soln. of 4-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylacetophenone and the equivalent amount of diethyl oxalacetate refluxed 1 hr. ethyl 5-methyl-7-acetylbenz-l,4-oxazin-2-on-3-ylacetate. Y ca. 90%.—Because these benz-l,4-oxazin-2-ones crystallize well and can be cleaved by alkali, they are suitable for the separation of aminophenols and the identification of the o-isomers. Even isomeric o-aminophenols can be separated due to different reaction rates. F. e. s. A. Butenandt, E. Biekert, et al., B. 92, 2172 (1959). Condensed l,4-oxazin-2-ones may also be used for the identification of a-ketocarboxylic acid esters. E. s. B.94, 1664 (1961). 

Lactate, glycolate, succinate, chloride, malate, sulphate, tartrate, maleate, fluoride, a-hydroxybutyrate, hydroxy valerate, formate, valerate, pyruvate, monochloroacetate, bromate, galaconurate, nitrite, gluconurate, dichloroacetate, trifuoroacetate, hypophosphite, selenite, bromide, nitrate, oxalate, selenate, a-ketoglutarate, fumarate, phthalate, oxalacetate, phosphate, arsenate, chromate, citrate, isocitrate, cis aconitate and transaconitrate... 

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