Hydroxy dicarboxylic acids

The FCC is to food-additive chemicals what the USP—NF is to dmgs. In fact, many chemicals that are used in dmgs also are food additives (qv) and thus may have monographs in both the USP—NF and in the FCC. Examples of food-additive chemicals are ascorbic acid [50-81-7] (see Vitamins), butylated hydroxytoluene [128-37-0] (BHT) (see Antioxidants), calcium chloride [10043-52-4] (see Calcium compounds), ethyl vanillin [121-32-4] (see Vanillin), ferrous fumarate [7705-12-6] and ferrous sulfate [7720-78-7] (see Iron compounds), niacin [59-67-6] sodium chloride [7647-14-5] sodium hydroxide [1310-73-2] (see lkaliand cm ORiNE products), sodium phosphate dibasic [7558-79-4] (see Phosphoric acids and phosphates), spearmint oil [8008-79-5] (see Oils, essential), tartaric acid [133-37-9] (see Hydroxy dicarboxylic acids), tragacanth [9000-65-1] (see Gums), and vitamin A [11103-57-4]. 

Svendsen, J.S. Sydnes, L.K. Whist, J.E. Mass Spectrometric Study of Dimethyl Esters of Trimethylsilyl Ether Derivatives of Some 3-Hydroxy Dicarboxylic Acids. Org. Mass Spectrom. 1987,22,421-429. 

Argols - [ANTIBIOTICS - NUCLEOSIDES AND NUCLEOTIDES] (Vol 3) -tartratesfrom [HYDROXY DICARBOXYLIC ACIDS] (Vol 13)... 

VITAMINS - BIOTIN] (Vol 25) - [MAT. ETC ANHYDRIDE, MALEIC ACID AND FUMARIC ACID] (Vol 15) - [MAIONIC ACID AND DERIVATIVES] (Vol 15) - [MICROBIALTRANSFORMATIONS] (Voll6) -as food additive [FOOD ADDITIVES] (Vol 11) -fortifying roan [PAPERMAKING ADDITIVES] (Vol 18) -hydrahonof [HYDROXY DICARBOXYLIC ACIDS] (Vol 13) -m meat processing [MEAT PRODUCTS] (Vol 16)... 

HYDROXY DICARBOXYLIC ACIDS. Many natural and synthetic organic compounds arc hydroxy dicarboxylic acids. This article discusses mainly malic and tarrarie acids thiomalic acid is included because of its structural similarity to malic acid. 

Gary T. Blair, Hutiniiann di Rcimer Corporation. Springfield. NJ. Hydroxy Dicarboxylic Acids... 

Knappe, E. and Rohdewald, I., Thin-layer chromatography of dicarboxylic acids. V. Separation and identification of hydroxy dicarboxylic acids, of di- and tricarboxylic acids of the citrate cycle, and some other dicarboxylic acids of plant origin, Z. Anal. Chem., 211, 49, 1965 Chem. Abs., 63, 7333c, 1965. 

The conversion of homoisopilopic acid into ethyltricarballylic acid occurs without loss of carbon, and thus involves the oxidation to carboxyl of a primary alcoholic group in the derived hydroxy-dicarboxylic acid, which must therefore possess one of the structures (VI), (VII), or (VIII). In view of the stability of homoisopilopic acid towards cold alkali, Jowett suggested it to be a 7- rather than a 6-lactone, and four structures (IX)-(XII) for the acid thus come into consideration. By a careful consideration of the course of the permanganate oxidation of isopilocarpine, Jowett... 

Enantioselective hydrogenation of MAA to MHB was studied as a model reaction and it was found that the hydroxy-dicarboxylic acids, like tartaric acid, were the most effective modifiers. 2-Methyltartaric acid was a very effective modifier, the threo-acid showed the best results in this case RNi catalyst modified with this acid at pH 5.0 resulted in producing MHB with an ee of 51%, while the erithro-ac d had almost no effect... 

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