Overview of Research

Experiments in tubes are not directly applicable to vapor cloud explosions. An overview of research in tubes is, however, included for historical reasons. An understanding of flame-acceleration mechanisms evolved from these experiments because this mechanism is very effective in tubes. 

Each chapter on technique ends with the short section called "Where Do I Go from Here " This includes suggestions for those who wish to investigate a topic further. It is not possible for a book of this nature to cover all issues of implementation for each technique. We assume that those who want to pursue a topic further will have access to library facilities and to the Internet, so no attempt has been made to provide a comprehensive reading list. Regular journal articles provide overviews of research in each area, so the section on applications toward the end of each chapter similarly provides examples of how each method is used rather than a comprehensive review. 

MurgrafF V, Parrott AC and Bennett P (1998). Risky single occasion drinking amongst young people A broad overview of research findings. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 33, 1-12. 

Graham PH, Vance CP (2000) Nitrogen fixation in perspective an overview of research and extension needs. Field Crops Res 65 93-106... 

Pujol, J.-M. Frances, J.-M. Letoffe, M. Condensation Vulcanizing Silicone Elastomers An Overview of Research and Development. In Progress in Organosilicon Chemistry-, Marciniec, B., Ghojnowski, J., Eds. Gordon Breach Basel, 1995 pp 503—521. 

Many sites of exposure to bile in the body are associated with the development of cancer, e.g. the oesophagus, gallbladder and bile duct, pancreas, small intestine and colon (reviewed in ref. 2). One explanation for increased cancer at these sites could be that bile acids stimulate carcinogenesis via DNA-damaging effects. This chapter provides an overview of research conducted in relation to establishing the genotoxic and carcinogenic effects of bile acids. 

Extensive reviews of active instability suppression techniques are found in McManus et al. [18] and Candel [19]. Also, Zinn and Neumeier [20] provide an overview of research and developmental needs for practical applications. Most of the previous studies have used actuators impractical in liquid-fueled systems, such as loudspeakers that impose acoustic perturbations on gaseous flow. The major emphasis in the present study was to establish active instability suppression using liquid-fuel injection. According to Rayleigh s criterion [21, 22], combustion-acoustics interaction can be used to damp the undesirable oscillations provided that pressure fluctuations p and heat release fluctuations q satisfy the proper phase relation such that... 

Chapters 1 through 4 feature work on supramolecular and polymer systems that function as sensors for a variety of chemical and biological targets. In Chapter 1, Rudzinski and Nocera give an exciting overview of research focusing... 

Crisp, D.J., Overview of research on marine invertebrate larvae, 1940-1980, in Marine Biodeterioration an Interdisciplinary Study, Costlow, J.D. and Tipper, R.C., Eds., Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, MD, 1984, 103. 

D. J. Crisp, Overview of Research on Marine Invertebrate Larvae, 1940-1980. In Marine Biodeterioration An Interdisciplinary Study] J. D. Costlow, R. C. Tipper, Eds. Naval Institute Press Annapolis, MD, 1984 pp 103-126. 

Table 3.2 Overview of research limitations F = France, D = Germany and S = Sweden...

Strategic importance of biocatalyzed synthetic transformations in terms of eco-compatibility and cheaper processes has been widely stressed previously. Among the developed biotransformations catalyzed by nitrilases or nitrile hydratases/ amidases systems, a special interest is focused toward stereoselective reactions able to give access to molecules otherwise impossible to obtain by classical chemical routes. Hereby, selected examples aim to offer an overview of research in this direction. Examples of industrial processes using nitrile hydrolyzing biocatalysts are also illustrated. 

Somiya, S., Ed., Hydrothermal Reactions for Material Science and Engineering An Overview of Research in Japan, Elsevier Applied Science, London, 505, 1989. 

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