Overcompensation effect

With M as Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, or Ba, the reaction has a positive free energy change due to the overcompensating effect of ion hydration energy relative to electron affinity. Therefore, these ions do not react with eh. ... 

The hormetic dose-response can occur as an overcompensation to a disruption in homeostasis or as a direct stimulation. The incorporation of a repeated measures analysis component into the study design would be an essential element in both identifying and understanding dose-response relationships. Dose-time-effects relating to hormesis have typically been associated with the concept of a rebound /overcompensation effect with a robust supportive literature. 

As the temperature increases, more hydrogen bonds are disrupted resulting in a further breakdown of the regular structure, so that the density increases reaching a maximum at 4°C. Then, beyond d C, the density gradually decreases due to an overcompensating effect of thermal expansion. 

All results, except those of Sutoh and Noda, seem to confirm that the higher thermostability with increasing imino acid content is caused by an enthalpy overcompensation of the entropy losses. AH° and also AS° are obviously caused by different effects. This is shown by Eq. (10) and Fig. 38... 

There are two ways of handling the ohmic drop effect. One consists of equipping the instrument with a positive feedback loop that subtracts from E a tension, Rei, proportional to the current, thus eliminating, at least partially, the effect of the ohmic drop.14 One may even get the impression that total compensation, or even more, overcompensation, could be achieved. In fact, before total compensation is reached, oscillations appear as a result of the bandpass limitations of the operation amplifiers. The entire instrument can indeed be represented by a self-inductance, La, that is a... 

In nitrobenzene, for example, the intramolecular electric field of the nitro group increases the a electron densities at the ortho carbon nuclei, so reducing the electron density at the attached protons. This effect, in fact, overcompensates the effect of electron withdrawal by the nitro group, and a net shielding is observed (Table 5). 

For the case of R3 = COCH3, the rate constants for addition increase from e.g. 5.0X 10 for Rl = R2 = H to 1.8x lO M" s for Ri = R2 = CHj. The increase in this direction is due to the activation entropies becoming more positive as H is replaced as a substituent at Q by CH3. The rate-enhancing effect of the more positive activation entropies overcompensates the rate-decreasing effect of the higher activation enthalpies that result from the increasing number of methyl groups at C, [19]. 

The kinetics of these reactions in comparison with those for methylenecyclo-propane analogs of compounds 160 have been studied by following the progress at pressures up to 3 kbar by on-line FT-IR spectroscopy [129]. The rate-enhancing influence of the additional strain in 160 overcompensates the expected retarding effect of the increased steric shielding by the second cyclopropane unit in 1 compared to methylenecyclopropane, and the cyclization rates for compounds 160 were faster by a factor of 6.8 to 8.1 in comparison with the corresponding methylenecyclopropane derivatives. 

The Debye Waller analysis of the S—B bonds gives A05 g2(HO) = 2.9 x 10 A. This value is lower than the pure Co value (3.6 x 10 A ). Due to the low density of the (110) face, one mi t have expected a large mean-square relative displacement. The measured small value reveals a stiffening of the force constant of the Co—Cu bond. This is consistent with the large eontraction of the Co—Cu interlayer distance (sell % see above). The stiffening in strongly relaxed surfaces has been observed before and overcompensate the effect of the reduced surface coordination in the perpendicular direction. Reversed surfaee anisotropy of the mean square relative atomic displacements has also been found on an other low-density surfaee C2 x 2 Cl/Cu(l 10) i.e. one half density of Cl vs. Cu(l 10) in plane density where the Cl atoms moves with amplitudes parallel to the surface eomparable with those of the Cu subtrate, but with a much reduced amplitude in the perpendicular direction... 

With a pulsing flow, there is an error effect which may cause overcompensation. The equation for this error effect is (7) ... 

Compare fluorescence 2 mean channel value in tubes a and b If the value in a is >b, FITC fluorescence in a is not compensated fully, and the FL1 —> FL2 compensation should be increased. Conversely, a lower value in b indicates overcom-pensation, and the compensation should be reduced Table 1 illustrates the effect of different compensation settings the standard lymphocyte setting (25 2) overcompensated when analyzing epithelial cells 10 Repeat steps 8 and 9 until values for FL2 mean fluorescence are the same m a and b, a value of 20 0 was selected for this experiment (Table 1)... 

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