Overall Cultural Context

Eliminating Serious Injury and Death from Road Transport 

This suggests that we have a breakdown at the global level. When we think about health, we talk about social determinants that can be either upstream or downstream. The upstream factors are the global things, such as the economy, strategy, and policy, and the downstream factors are the more individual things, like lifestyle choices. What we do know is that a breakdown at the top, at the systemic level, results in a big disconnect between what organisations want to happen, and what actually happens at the local level. 

Nevertheless, there are promising signs of a growing awareness of the need for culture change. In the United States, for example, the AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety Research hosted a national conference in 2007 to seek a way forward for improving traffic safety culture. The AAA also conducts and publishes an annual Traffic Safety Culture Index to monitor issues and changes over time.  

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In essence, the earlier components of this overall assessment process are mainly deterministic in character (albeit with some probabilistic elements), whereas the later stages are mainly probabilistic. Not all elements of the process are quantifiable (with any degree of confidence), however and the socicii-political-cultural context of any downstream decision-making process may be intensely uncertain. Such uncertainties make the process of risk communication and debate a complex and sometimes unpredictable undertaking. It is essential therefore that those elements of the risk management process that cein be objectively einalysed and evaluated (either qualitatively or quantitatively, as appropriate) are so assessed. 

Discussions about the PA usually focus on definitions. Such definitions are plentiful, they depend on the scientific and social background of their authors, and they all contain elements of truth and error. One of the basic problems with the PA is that there is no such thing as an overall definition. The application of the PA is always heavily context-dependent. It is no use solving problems associated with applying the PA by means of a generally accepted definition, since it is difficult to define a principle sharply where uncertainty is the main element. The definition of terms and concepts like uncertainty always depend on the scientific, social, cultural and economic background of individuals employing them. 

The patterns of CS-PG distribution, its effect on crest cells in vitro and the responses to CS-PG reduction in vivo have prompted apparently contradictory views on its role, although all arguments hinge on its reducing cell adhesion. This conflict can be resolved by examining the context of proposed CS-PG action. Since cell movement declines above and below an optimal adhesive level, then an overall decrease in adhesion, via CS-PG, from a sub-optimally high level could favor cell movement. This may occur in the collagen gel cultures of avian crest cells (Tucker and Erickson,... 

As could be expected, the provision soon generated substantial and interpretive challenges which were reflected in supervisory practices and enforcement as well as its role in the overall regulatory strategy. The context of ordinary audits appeared inadequately fit for identifying and addressing safety culture, and the status of the... 

Specific performance measurements are made in the following areas Environmental, Energy, Safety, and Community Outreach. Within that context the Code addresses process safety concepts such as leadership, accountability, and culture in order to drive overall process safety performance improvement. 

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