Overactive bladder syndrome

Hay-Smith J, Herbison P, Ellis G, Moore K. Anticholinergic drugs versus placebo for overactive bladder syndrome in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2003 3. 

Chappie CR et al A comparison of the efficacy and tolerability of solifenacin succinate and extended release tolterodine at treating overactive bladder syndrome Results of the STAR trial. Eur Urol 2005 48 464. [PMID 15990220]... 

Indications Overactive bladder syndrome, Urinary incontinence Category Muscarinic antagonist Half-life 7 hours... 

The clinical symptoms of unstable bladder (over-active bladder) are frequency, urge and urge incontinence. Uninhibited detrusor contractions leading to symptoms such as urgency, frequency and urge incontinence can be called overactive bladder syndrome (Staskin and Dmochowski 2002). 

Pfizer has also been investigating catalytic direct amidation reactions. One of the most encouraging substrates is the synthesis of zamifenacin, which has been used for overactive bladder and irritable bowel syndrome. Only 2 mol% boric acid catalyst loading gave complete conversion of amide with Dean-Stark water removal in the direct amidation. Unfortunately, in 1990, zamifenacin was put on hold and replaced by darifenacin, so the synthesis of zemifenacin was never sealed up beyond laboratoiy scale. 

The classification of the International Children s Continence Society should be used to eliminate confusion, to facilitate and enable comparative research and metaanalyses. This classification recognizes two main dysfunctions overactive bladder or unstable bladder (urge syndrome) and dysfunctional voiding. The common denominator of lower urinary tract dysfunction is bladder sphincter discoordination leading to chronic high intravesical pressure with resulting negative consequences for the urinary tract. 

Hoebeke et al. (2001) in a publication about 1,000 videourodynamic studies in children with nonneurogenic bladder dysfunction found urge syndrome (overactive bladder or unstable bladder) in 58% (male female ratio 58 42), dysfunctional voiding (overactivity of the external urethral sphincter) in 32% (male female ratio 49 51) and lazy bladder in 4% (male female ratio 20 80). Furthermore, he found that the age distribution provided evidence against a dysfunction sequence as mentioned above. 

In clinical practice, this formula is used not only to relieve Shao Yang syndrome, but also to treat Qi stagnation in the Liver and Gall Bladder meridians when Liver-Qi overacts on the Stomach, impairing digestion and weakening the body s resistance. 

A broad spectrum of terms such as nonneuro-pathic vesicourethral dysfunction (Koff 1984), overactivity of the bladder and striated urethral muscle (Van Gool et al. 1984), nonneuropathic or nonneurogenic bladder-sphincter dysfunction (Hoebeke et al. 1999), dysfunctional bladder (Hinman 1986), unstable bladder (Koff 1982), nonneurogenic neurogenic bladder (Allen 1977) and Hinman syndrome (Hinman 1986) is still in use for sometimes overlapping patterns of nonneurogenic bladder-sphincter dysfunction. 

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