Hinman syndrome

A broad spectrum of terms such as nonneuro-pathic vesicourethral dysfunction (Koff 1984), overactivity of the bladder and striated urethral muscle (Van Gool et al. 1984), nonneuropathic or nonneurogenic bladder-sphincter dysfunction (Hoebeke et al. 1999), dysfunctional bladder (Hinman 1986), unstable bladder (Koff 1982), nonneurogenic neurogenic bladder (Allen 1977) and Hinman syndrome (Hinman 1986) is still in use for sometimes overlapping patterns of nonneurogenic bladder-sphincter dysfunction. 

Nonneurogenic neurogenic bladder or the so-called Hinman syndrome is at the extreme end of the spectrum of nonneurogenic bladder-sphincter dysfunction. This syndrome shows severe clinical manifestations including urinary retention, severe bladder-sphincter dysfunction, VUR, hydronephrosis and hydroureter and renal scarring. 

Bauer (1992) grouped into primarily unstable bladder (small capacity, hypertonic bladders and detrusor hyperreflexia), infrequent voiding associated with large-capacity bladders (lazy bladder syndrome) and psychogenic nonneuropathic bladder (Hinman syndrome). 

Similar dysfunctional states can also be found in preschool children. This suggests that there may be a subgroup of children in whom nonneurogenic bladder-sphincter dysfunction may be congenital rather than acquired, as is postulated for the classical Hinman syndrome (Hinman 1986). 

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