Over-cut

Figure 3. Components trapped from the air over cut potato leaves. Carbon traps were extracted with 60 fxL of CSt IftL was used for CC (detector FID). GC conditions WCOT Carbowax 20M column, 50 m long temperature programmed 70-150 °C. Key a, trans-2-hexenal b, cis-3-hexenyl acetate c, cis-3-hexen-l-ol and d, tians-2-hexen-l-ol (14).

As already noted in Chapter 2, for electrostatic interactions, Ewald sums are generally to be preferred over cut-offs because of tlie long-range nature of the interactions. For van der Waals type terms, cut-offs do not introduce significant artifacts provided they are reasonably large (typically 8-12 A). 

Cut the two Mylar sheets using Template 3 as a guide. It is very easy to over cut when using the Exacto knife, so go slowly, and use fresh blades to be sure to produce clean cuts. 

The diameters of the microholes were chosen according to experimentally known over-cut (see Section 6.2.6). For simplification, it was further assumed that the lateral space between the tool-electrode and the glass is filled with the gas film. 

As discussed below, the hydrodynamic regime is responsible for the increase in the machining over-cut and for the formation of heat affected zones around the microhole. This is an undesired effect and one should try to avoid machining in this situation. Strategies to reduce this regime are presented in Chapter 7. 

The material removal rate and the machining over-cut increase with the machining voltage [100,105] and electrolyte concentration [105,133], which also increases the probability of wire breaking [105]. Polarising the wire as a cathode generally results in higher material removal rates than for a wire polarised as an anode. 

An efficient method to decrease the machining over-cut involves adding abrasive particles into the electrolyte [133] or the use a pulsed voltage supply. At the same time surface roughness is decreased and can reach values below 1 pm. 

A further increase in the tool-electrode rotation improves the channel quality (Fig. 7.14). The sidewall taper angle of the microchannel profile decreases to almost 0° and the machining over-cut is also reduced. This effect is due to the improved electrolyte flow, promoting chemical etching of the glass. 

Influence of electrolyte concentration on over-cut with and without tool vibration [5]. 

Choked flyers n. A situation in which roving will not pass through the flyer channels because of heavy or cockled conditions caused by such factors as uneven drafting, waste, over-cut fibers, and improper finish. 

Velvet fabric n. A warp-pile woven fabric with short, dense cut pile that produces a rich fabric appearance and soft texture. Two methods are used for weaving velvets. In the double-cloth method, two fabrics are woven face to face with the pile ends interlocking. A reciprocating knife cuts through these pile ends to produce two separate pieces of velvet. In the second method, pile ends are lifted over cutting wires that are inserted with the filling and that are withdrawn to cut the pile. Kadolph SJJ, Langford AL (2001) Textiles. Pearson Education, New York. 

G. sulphureus, so-named because of the yellow colour of the soldiers imparted by an abdominal glandular reservoir, is able to emit the sticky secretion over cuts, but may also rupture in the process (Noirot, 1969a). G. radaensisaXso holds intruders with its curved mandibles and coats them with a secretion from the mouth, which immobilizes and often kills them (Kemner, in Roonwal, 1970). 

An issue when using negative resists for lift-off processing however, is that negative resists usually produce an over-cut profile. To resolve this problem, an intermediate layer of PMMA can be deposited beneath the HSQ layer and the... 

Indo-Tibetan Himalayas sharda Lichen is washed, pounded, and boiled in goat s milk the resulting mash is soaked in cow s urine to be used as an antiseptic over cuts and bruises (Sharma 1997)... 

Other than poor thermal conductivity, fluoroplastics have much higher coefficients of linear thermal expansion than metals. This means that any type of heat buildup will cause significant expansion of the part at that point resulting in over-cuts or undercuts, thus deviating from the desired part design. 

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