Output per employee

Measures 1-4 indicate efficiency in the use of people measure 5 indicates efficiency in the use of capital and measure 6 indicates efficiency in the use of raw materials. These are partial-productivity measures. To obtain an idea of total productivity, all ratios must be considered rather than the efficiency of one particular input. There are some trade-offs, such as using automatic equipment (automatic controls, robots, etc.) instead of operators. An industry may be very efficient in the use of people but less efficient in the use of capital. Rather than absolute productivity ratios for an industry, the trend in productivity ratios is important. Rising productivity is the key to economic growth, and the increase in output per employee pays for increases in salaries and wages. 

Data compiled by S. N. Broadberry shows that productivity in the British chemical industry measured in terms of output per employee declined relative to that in the USA... 

Table 1. US/UK manufacturing output per employee (UK=1QQ), from Broadberry. ...

The manufacturing organization must constantly strive for higher productivity, defined as the optimum use of all its resources materials, machines, energy, capital, labor, and technology. Output per employee per hour in all phases must be maximized. 

Miles per litre petrol s per day into your account Output per employee Miles per hour... 

Productivity is measured by output per employee in the Chinese construction industry is low and much lower than that in the US, Japanese and UK construction industries (Xu, Smith et al., 2005). For example, the output per person in the Chinese construction enterprises was approximately 23 times less than that of their US counterparts in 2000. China s construction enterprises are still labor-intensive and have low labor productivity (Stewart Jiang, 2004). The enterprises are short of... 

In building control the controlled parameters include basic functions such as discharge air temperature, space temperature, humidity and fan control. The benefits of such a control system in an intelligent, integrated heating and cooling network include repeatable and individual parameter or area (zone) control. Individual comfort control has been shown to increase employee output and provide an annual productivity gain of over 1000 per employee. 

Figures 10.2 and 10.3 show that from 1972 to 1992 the L i tFR (lost-time injury frequency rate) and productivity (measured in terms of output of saleable tonnes of coal per employee per year) followed unrelated trajectories.

Standards from historical records tend to be very dirty (although cheap). For example, in the warehouse, how many cases can be picked per hour From shipping records, determine the number of cases shipped in January, February, and March. From personnel, determine the number of employees in shipping in each month. Divide total cases/total hours to get cases/hr. Ignore changes in product output, product mix, absenteeism, delays, and so on. 

In 1898 the first rubber factory based on the natural product, Suomen Gummitehdas Oy (later Oy Nokia Ab rubber factory), was set up to produce galoshes, i.e. overshoes. The firm specialized in rubber footwear and flourished. In 1926 it began to manufacture tyres for bicycles, and in 1934 tyres for cars. Two years later it introduced its own innovation, winter tyres for cars. The growth of the rubber industry was outstanding. In 1913, it employed over 90 employees and in 1938 as many as 2,570, or 82 per cent of the total workforce of the main chemical industry and 42 per cent of its output, as shown in table 1. Before the Winter War of 1939-40, rubber manufacturing was one of the three biggest chemistry-related branches of Finnish industry. ... 

The output from Stage (c) may be expressed in the form of individual risk or of societal risk. Individual risk is the probability of death to an individual within a year (e.g. 1 in 10" per year). Societal risk is the probability of death to a group of people - either employees or members of the general public -within a year (e.g. a risk of 500 or more deaths of 10 per year). 

Normally the human body maintains its core temperature within the range 36°-37.4°C by balancing its heat gains and losses. Maintaining an employee s health in a hot environment requires the control of air temperature and humidity, body activities, type of clothing, exposure time and ability to sweat. To sweat freely the individual must be fit, acclimatised to the heat with sufficient water intake to ensure a urine output of about 2Vz pints per day. When the air temperature reaches 35°C plus, the loss of body heat is by sweating only, but this may be difficult when humidity reaches 80% or more. 

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