Other Reactor Configurations

As with the other reactor configurations, vaporizers, heat exchangers, and a heat source are also needed for microreactors.Unless the hydrogen is 99.999% pure, the PEM fuel cell typically will utilize 70—80% of the diluted hydrogen fed to it. The unreacted hydrogen from the fuel cell anode, augmented with additional fuel as needed, can be used as fuel for the combustor. The use of anode off-gas requires special controls for transient operating conditions for example, a mechanism is needed to... 

Figure 20 Schematic of two configurations for a pulsed corona reactor (a) ground electrode submerged in liquid and (b) ground electrode suspended above the liquid surface. The immersed electrode in both cases is a point electrode (reprinted with permission from Grymonpre et al, 2004 Copyright 2004 American Chemical Society). For a variety of other reactor configurations, see Locke et al. (2006).

Other reactor configurations and concepts have also been discussed in the technical literature. Most commonly dted are hybrid concepts, where the membrane reactor is used as an add-on stage to an already existing conventional reactor. This particular configuration has a number of attractive features, especially for applications involving conventional type porous membranes, which are characterized by moderate (Knudsen-type) permselective properties. Staged membrane reactors have received mention and so have reactors with multiple feed-ports and recycle. To facilitate the transport across the membrane in laboratory studies one often applies a sweep gas or a vacuum in the permeate side or a pressure gradient across the membrane. It is unlikely that the first two approaches, effective as they may be in laboratory applications, will find widespread commercial application. 

In Section 4.2, we derive the design equations for the first three ideal reactor models. Other reactor configurations are discussed in Chapter 9. 

To analyze and design chemical reactors more effectively and to obtain insight into the operation, we adopt reaction-based design formulation. In this section, we derive the reaction-based design equations for the three ideal reactor models. Reaction-based design equations of other reactor configurations are derived in Chapter 9. 

Below, we reduce the design equations of the three ideal reactors to dimensionless forms. Dimensionless design equations for other reactor configurations are derived in Chapter 9. 

OTHER REACTOR CONFIGURATIONS Differentiating with respect to time,... 

The reader is challenged to derive design formulations to other reactor configurations and models. 

A practically useful table, presented in Section 11.4 (Table 11.26), provides valuable guidelines for the selection of gas-liquid reactors. Other reactor configurations should be considered and a table similar to Table 11.26 prepared. 

The purpose of this article is to formulate a model which considers simultaneous diffusion and binding reaction within the immobilized adsorbent particles. The model has been developed for batch adsorption processes. It can however be easily modified to predict product adsorption in other reactor configurations. 

Some new work on assessing the limits of membrane reactors, and on comparing them to other reactor configurations, appeared at the ISCRE-15 conference. McGregor et a/.have extended attainable region theory to include separation processes. This work aims to synthesize the structures of optimal reactor-separator networks, which has implications for the design of membrane reactors. The question of what conversion is achievable in a membrane reactor has been revisited,with identification of operating conditions at which maximum conversion occurs. 

Potential photocatalysts, radiation sources and auxiliary equipment pertinent to the photocatalytic studies developed at the Chemical Reactor Engineering Centre (CREC) using Photo-CREC reactors, ai e reported in this chapter. The discussion about the auxiliary equipment can be relevant, however, to photocatalytic studies in general when other reactor configurations are used. 

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