Other inorganic solids

The interaction of water with other inorganic solids such as ceramics, glasses and catalysts is often a key scientific and technological problem. Hydrogen species in such cases are invariably bonded to oxygen and can occur in many different forms. Protons can be present in a crystal structure as stoichiometric OH groups, water molecules, or hydro-nium ions. Hydroxyl groups can also play an important role in substitutions such as... 

For some applications, it is important to distinguish between volatile and nonvolatile solids. For example, the bioactive organic portion of mixed liquor suspended solids in secondary activated sludge textile wastewater treatment systems is volatile, whereas grit and other inorganic solids are non-volatile. To determine the volatile component of solids from any of the above three tests, the solid residue is dried to constant weight in a high-temperature muffle furnace at 550 °C (Standard Method 2540 F). 

Layer-lattice Other inorganic solid compounds Soft metals M0S2, graphite, graphite fluoride CaF2, PbO Pb, Ag, Au... 

Since surface functionalities are unlikely to behave exactly as those in simple organic compoimds, the surface chemistry of carbon materials is much more complex (thought at the same time more versatile) than the surface chemical properties of other inorganic solids. Due to this complexity, the carbon surface should be considered as a unique whole entity rather than as a sum of individual functional groups, and caution must be exercised in the interpretation of the results obtained, as already pointed out by Puri [39]. 

Note The REL and PEL also apply to other inorganic, solid fluorides (as F).]... 

Table 5-6. UV-VIS spectrophotometry minerals and other inorganic solids. ...

Finally, while SCC of metals is important in our industrial society, SCC of other inorganic solids can be said to have shaped our whole world. It is now widely accepted diat time-dependent fracture (stress corrosion) of rocks in contact with water is responsible for such phenomena as premature fault movement leading to earthquakes [177] and fracture of newly formed crustal rocks emerging on the ocean floor [178]. 

Other inorganic solid electrolytes have also been employed in electrochemical capacitor applications, including hydrogen uranyl phosphate, (H3OUO2PO4) and Zr(HP04)2 xH20 (proton conductors) (65), Li and Na /9-alumina (66), LiNaSO (67). Clearly, these systems will only be satisfactory for relatively slow applications. 

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