Ossification

Verknocherung,/. ossification, verknorpeln, v.i. become cartilaginous. — ver knorpelt, p.a. cartilaginous. 

Fused ribs (two fetuses), 14 ribs (four fetuses), and unfused ossification centers of vertebrae (three... 

Air concentrations of 28.5 mg/m3 for 4 h daily on days 9-12 of gestation caused fetotoxic effects and chromosomal damage to liver cells by day 18 effects included reduced survival, impaired growth, retarded limb ossification, and bone abnormalities. At 2.9 mg/m3, a 9.9% decrease in fetal weight was recorded at 0.26 mg/m3, a 3.1% decrease was measured Oral dosages of 400-600 mg/kg BW on days 7-16 of gestation produces fetal malformations (cleft palate), delayed skeletal ossification, and fetal weight reduction 200-600 mg/kg BW daily for 10 days (DMA) produced fetal and maternal toxicity... 

Mouse (CD-1) 11 d Gd 7-17 (GO) 0.5 1 (delayed ossification 38% increase in supraoccipital score 84% decrease in number of caudal vertebrae decreased fetal body weight) Kavlock et al. 1981 Endrin... 

Developmental Effects. Developmental effects associated with exposure of humans to endrin have not been reported. Prenatal exposure of animals to concentrations of endrin sufficient to cause maternal toxicity has resulted in a statistically significant increase in the incidence of fused ribs, cleft palate, exencephaly, microencephaloceles, and open eyes in hamsters and mice. Effects were not necessarily reproducible between studies. Adverse developmental effects generally have not been observed in rats (Kavlock et al. 1981) except for temporary increase in locomotor activity of pups (Gray et al. 1981) and delayed ossification at doses which resulted in maternal toxicity (Goldenthal 1978a). Developmental effects were found primarily in one species. It is unknown if these effects would occur in humans. 

S decrease in fetal weight skeletal ossification in 59S of fetuses)... 

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