Orion computer

Anfalt and Jagner [57] measured total fluoride ion concentration by means of a single-crystal fluoride selective electrode (Orion, model 94-09). Samples of seawater were adjusted to pH 6.6 with hydrochloric acid and were titrated with 0.01 M sodium fluoride with use of the semi-automatic titrator described by Jagner [28]. Equations for the graphical or computer treatment of the results are given. Calibration of the electrode for single-point potentiometric measurements at different seawater salinities is discussed. 

Sodium Measurements. The sodium ion content was measured by two techniques 1) A Perkin-Elmer 403 atomic absorption unit was used to obtain the total amount of sodium in a particular solution and 2) an Orion 801 pH meter with Corning sodium-specific ion electrodes was used at 25 °C to determine the free sodium present. An attempt to measure the free sodium content at 60 °C failed because of thermal instability. It was especially important to determine if the sodium ions present were free so that correct molecular weights could be computed from the VPO data. The calibration was accomplished by dissolving small amounts of sodium benzoate in the DMF, or by using DMF-distilled water (3 + 1) mixtures containing dissolved NaOH. Both calibrations gave similar final results. Even though tap water was used in the synthesis, interference from other ions (e.g., Ag+, Li+, or NH4+) was considered minimal be-... 

There are two types of fluoride ion-selective electrodes available [27] Orion model 96-09-00, a combination fluoride electrode, and model 94-09-00, which requires a reference electrode The author prefers to use Orton model 94-09-00 because it has a longer operational life and is less expensive When an electrode fails, the reference electrode is usually less expensive to replace The Fisher Accumet pH meter, model 825 MP, automatically computes and corrects the electrode slope It gives a direct reading for pH, electrode potential, and concentra tion in parts per million The fluoride ion-specific electrode can be used for direct measurement [28, 29] or for potentiometric titration with Th4+ or La3+ nitrate solutions, with the electrode as an end point indicator... 

In a survey of San Diego Bay waters we used the computer-controlled instrument in conjunction with the Orion Cu(II) ISE to travel in and out of waters that were relatively high in Cu concentration (4). The potentiomet-ric and voltametric data correlated very well. These data suggest that the combined use of the ASV instrument and the ISE may provide a way of obtaining quantified gradients of Cu activity in seawater. 

Apparatus. SPEX Fluorolog-2 spectrofluorometer (Edison, NJ, USA)., 450-W xenon lamp, R 928 photomultiplier tube powered at 950V (Hamamatsu Co.), SPEX DM 3000F spectroscopy computer. A pH meter (Model Orion 520A, USA) was used for pH adjustment. 

Computation of the left-hand side of Equation (11) is avoided by using semiantilog Gran s Plot Paper supplied by Orion Research Incorporated which has been corrected for limited volume changes, that is, for (Fo-i- F,), and which assumes sufficiently dilute solutions and that x, = 1. Hence, all that is required is to plot the emf response on the ordinate against the volume of standard addition on the abscissa when the intercept, Fe, is easily discernible. 

The construction of literature databases has been carried out after the format of the personal database system TOOL-IR-PDB/Orion, which was initially designed as the sub-system of the database management system TOOL-IR in the Computation Center of the University of Tokyo. This personalliterature database system has been applied to construct several chemical databases including those for solvent extraction, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, abstracts and preprints of some important domestic symposia held in Japan, etc. [3]. 

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