Orifice angle

Other Methods of Flow Characterization A variety of other test methods to characterize flowability of powders have been proposed, which include density ratios, flow from funnels and orifices, angles of repose and sliding, simplified indicizer flow testing, and... 

The orifice angle of the cone can signiflcantly influence the flow anomalies that are frequently found with high molecular polyethylene (PE). In such cases, changing the melt temperature has little effect. Computer programs are available to calculate the distribution of shear rate in the extrusion flow channel. It is important to ensure that the critical shear rate occurs near the die exit resp. is confined to as narrow a region as possible. With the accumulator head, the effects of flow anomahes can be influenced by the extrusion velocity. To achieve the shortest cycle times with continuous extrusion, the plastic usually exits from the orifice at close to critical shear rate. 

HU- Orifice Plate in Quick Change Fitting 2k Diaphragm Operated Angle Valve (V — Data to Computer... 

A flow field analysis at fixed conical angle and varying orifice diameters confirmed that, all the strain rate distribution functions are exactly superpos-able onto a single curve when plotted against the dimensionless parameters s, = exx/(v0/r0) and x = x/r0. Three such master curves for different angles are... 

The pitot tube, in which a small element of fluid is brought to rest at an orifice situated at right angles to the direction of flow. The flowrate is then obtained from the difference... 

In order to study the influence of ions on the deposition process, a reliable quantification of the ion flux and energy is imperative. This flux cannot be determined directly from the detected number of ions in an lED as measured by means of QMS, for three reasons [332]. First, the orifice size decreases during subsequent measurements due to deposition of a-Si H on the edges of the orifice. Second, due to the limited acceptance angle of the mass spectrometer system, only a fraction of the ions that arrive at the substrate is actually detected. This fraction depends on the type and number of interactions that an ion experiences while traversing... 

An orifice meter is installed in a 6 in. ID pipeline that is inclined upward at an angle of 10° from the horizontal. Benzene is flowing in the pipeline at the flow rate of 10 gpm. The orifice diameter is 3.5 in., and the orifice pressure taps are 9 in. apart. 

To be effective, shrouds must be long enough to contain the expanding (11 -degree included angle) gas j et leaving the grid orifice. 

Amidon and Houghton [48] completed a comparative study of several common methods of characterizing powder flow. Table 2 contains experimental results for a number of commonly used pharmaceutical excipients. Compressibility index, angle of repose, flow rate through an orifice, and shear cell data are presented. 

Angle of repose Flow rate through a 6-mm orifice Simplified shear cell ... 

The equilibrium constants can be approximated by ratios of ion currents in some instances otherwise, the currents are converted to partial pressures by comparison with the evaporation of known amounts of a standard material. Various geometric corrections (K) such as the solid angle subtended by the sample at the orifice, the Clausing factor for orifice geometry, molecular cross-section (o-), which control ionization efficiency, and detector efficiency are included in the general relationship... 

Pressure Atomization Plain- Orifice 25-250 Diesel engines, Jet engine afterburners, Ramjets Simple, Rugged, Cheap Narrow spray angle, Solid spray cone... 

Dual- Orifice 20-200 A variety of aircraft and industrial gas turbines Good atomization, Turndown ratio 50 1, Relatively constant spray angle Poor atomization in transition range, Complexity in design, Susceptibility of small passages to blockage... 

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