Organotins resistance

Pain, A. and J.J. Cooney. 1998. Characterization of organotin-resistant bacteria from Boston Harbor sediments. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 35 412-416. 

An excellent overview of the history of pesticide resistance in the Tetranychidae is provided by Cranham and Helle (1) Spider mite resistence to organophosphates has been widespread for many years (2). Organotin resistance became an issue in the early 1980 s... 

Polyvinyl chloride/Polyvinyl acetate Good prevent yellowing. High-molecular-weight organotin stabilizers improve radiation stability color-corrected radiation formulations are available. Less resistant than PVC. 

The above analysis reveals that some of the thermochemical data for organotin compounds may not be as accurate as one could hope. Although the information is in general of much better quality than in the case of germanium and lead analogues, we believe that some values in Table 3 should be redetermined. Other examples could have been used to illustrate this point (see also the next section), but once again we wish to resist the temptation of recommending data that in some cases conflict with the available experimental results. By a judicious use of the Laidler terms in Table 4 and/or correlations similar to those in equation 2, it is rather simple to assess other values from Table 3 and predict new data. 

Resistance to organotin acaricides has been reported in several populations of spider mites. After cyhexatin and fenbutatin oxide were used for 10 to 17 years on pears and apples to control mites, populations of McDaniel spider mite (Tetranychus mcdanieli), two-spotted spider mite (T. urticae), and European red mite (Panonychus ulmi) slowly began to develop strains that were resistant to these chemicals (Croft et al. 1987). 

Croft, B.A., S.C. Hoyt, and RH. Westigard. 1987. Spider mite management on pome fruits revisited organotin and acaracide resistance management. Jour. Econ. Entomol. 80 304-311. 

Hydrophobic organotins are toxic to organisms because of their solubility in cell membranes. However, many microorganisms are resistant to organotins and can detoxicate them by degrading the organic part of them [5]. 

Some of the organotin-containing polymers inhibit Candias albicans, the yeast responsible for infections in humans better than commercially available applications while leaving the normal flora unharmed. Others inhibit methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (structure 11.22), preferentially. 

These redistribution reactions between metal-tin complexes not only provide extremely useful transition-metal-substituted organotin chlorides, but also demonstrate the chemical robustness of the M—Sn bonds. For example, whereas the W—Sn bond in [(CO)5WSnPh3] resists attack by dry HC1, the silicon and germanium analogs are cleaved to [C1W(C0)5] 49. 

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