Organotin compounds structure

The development of the hypervalency concept was discussed in general. This model was concerned with the group 14 elements . The ability of the tin atom to expand the coordination sphere in organotin compounds was established in the early 1960s, when an oligomeric structure was suggested for trimethyltin fluoride and trimethyltin carboxylates" on the basis of IR data. It should be pointed out that the trimethyltin chloride-pyridine adduct was the first pentacoordinate organotin compound structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction in 1963". ... 

The X-ray crystal structures of organotin compounds that have been described since Ho and Zuckerman s earlier compilation 339) are listed systematically in Table I. ... 

Jensen KG, Onfelt A, Wallin M (1991b) Effects of organotin compounds on mitosis, spindle structure, toxicity and in vitro microtubule assembly. Mutagenesis, 6(5) 409-416. 

Nagase H, Hamasaki T, Sato T, Kito H, Yoshioka Y, Ose Y (1991) Structure-activity relationships for organotin compounds on the red killifish Oryzias latipes. Applied Organometallic Chemistry, 5(2) 91-97. 

Contents Structure and reactivity of monomeric, molecular tin(ll) compounds / M. Veith, O. Recktenwald — Chirality, static and dynamic stereochemistry of organotin compounds / M. Gielen — Coordination effects in formation and cross-linking reactions of organotin macromolecules / Z. M. O. Rzaev. 1. Organotin compounds — Addresses, essays, lectures. I. Gielen, M. (Marcel), 1938 — II. Series. 

Since the dominant higher-coordination chemistry is that of tin, we survey this first. The range of structural studies is so wide that it is possible only to generalize and look at recent and representative examples. Intramolecular coordination in organotin compounds has been extensively reviewed up to 1992113. 

TABLE 8. Structural determination of organotin compounds by X-ray crystallography... 

The traditional way of producing derivatives for analytical purposes aims at preserving, as much as possible, the important structural features of the analyte. In the case of organotin compounds this means that the tin moieties of the compound should appear in the derivative, as occurs in the methods described in Section V.A. Nevertheless, many organotin compounds are important intermediates in the synthesis of organic compounds devoid of metallic atoms. Such procedures can afford good derivatizing schemes, as described in Section V.B. 

Structure-toxicity relationships of organotin compounds on algae were summarized by Wong and coworkers85. 

Modified from Laughlin, R.B., Jr., R.B. Johannesen, W. French, H. Guard, and F.E. Brinckman. 1985. Structure-activity relationships for organotin compounds. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 4 343-351. 

Development of quantitative structure activity relations for use in evaluating toxicity of organotin compounds (Hall and Pinkney 1985 Laughlin and Linden 1985 Laughlin et al. 1985 Laughlin 1987). 

With the sign of AR/R established, the structure and bonding of tin compounds can be investigated. From the scatter plot in Figure 1, the Sn compounds fall to the left of white tin, while the Sn compounds fall to the right. The organotin compounds are clustered in the cross-... 

A wide variety of organotin compounds developed by Carraher, Sabir, Roner, and others based on known antiviral drugs such as acyclovir and known antibacterial agents such as ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, cephalexin (structure 11.21), and ampicillin inhibit a wide variety of viruses including ones responsible for many of the common colds, chicken pox, small pox, shingles, and herpes simplex. 

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