Organophosphorus compounds action

Miyamoto J. 1964. Studies on the mode of action of organophosphorus compounds. Part III. 

Miyamoto J, Sato Y, Kadota T, et al. 1963a. Studies on the mode of action of organophosphorus compounds. Part I. Metabolic fate of P32 labeled sumithion and methylparathion in guinea pig and white rat. Agric Biol Chem 27 381-389. 

Cheng, T.-C. and DeFrank, J.J. (2000) Hydrolysis of Organophosphorus Compounds by Bacterial Prolidases, in Enzymes in Action Green Solutions for Chemical Problems (eds... 

Diazinon (phosphorothioic acid 0,0-diethyl 0-(6-mcthyl-2-(l-mcthylcthyl)-4-pyrimidinyl) ester) is an organophosphorus compound with an anticholinesterase mode of action. It is used extensively to control hies, lice, insect pests of ornamental plants and food crops, as well as nematodes and soil insects in lawns and croplands. Diazinon degrades rapidly in the environment, with half-time persistence usually less than 14 days. But under conditions of low temperature, low moisture, high alkalinity, and lack of suitable microbial degraders, diazinon may remain biologically active in soils for 6 months or longer. 

The existence of three equivalent bonds to each of the phosphorus atoms, which must be broken in the formation of mono-phosphorus organophosphorus compounds, might appear to be a problem at first all must be broken as new bonds are being generated to phosphorus. However, the fundamental approaches toward the use of white phosphorus accomplish this necessary action with relatively few extraneous reaction processes. 

Johnson MK Delayed neurotoxic action of some organophosphorus compounds. Br Med Bull 25 231-235, 1969... 

Ecobichon DJ, Kalow W. 1963. Action of organophosphorus compound upon esterases of human liver. Can Biochem Physiol 41 1537-1546. 

The reversible inhibitors, which have a short to moderate duration of action, fall into two categories. Type one, exemplified by edrophonium, forms an ionic bond at the anionic site and a weak hydrogen bond at the esteratic site of acetylcholinesterase. Type two, exemplified by neostigmine, forms an ionic bond at the anionic site and a hydrolyzable covalent bond at the esteratic site. The irreversible inhibitors, exemplified by organophosphorus compounds (diisopropyl fluorophosphate, parathion,... 

Tphe search for insecticides with modes of action different from the A well-known acetylcholinesterase inhibition led us to uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation (1, 2). An inherent advantage of such pesticides would be the absence of cross-resistance with organophosphorus compounds and chlorinated hydrocarbons. The number of commercial pesticides which are likely to act by uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation is small. All of them can be regarded as derivatives of the... 

Green, A.L. (1983). A theoretical kinetic analysis of the protective action exerted by eserine and other carbamate anticholinesterase against poisoning by organophosphorus compounds. Biochem. Pharmacol. 32 1717-22. 

Professor Cremlyn s major research interests are the chemistry and biological activity of organosulfur and organophosphorus compounds, especially as crop protection agents. He has published 150 research papers and 24 review articles on the mode of action of pesticides, together with five books (three on organic chemistry and two on pesticides). 

Typically, insecticides represent about 30% of the market in agrochemicals. Activity depends on the ability to penetrate insects rapidly and reach sites of action in membranes of nerve cells. Insecticides are more soluble in fats than in water. The aryl amine insecticides include carbamic esters, such as pirimicarb (104), a diazine derivative (Scheme 23). It is of short-to-moderate persistence, but more selective than organophosphorus compounds. Acylation of A-methyl-l-naphthylamine, or reacting the chloroacetamido derivative with potassium fluoride in glycerol, affords the insecticide and acaricide known as nissol (105). 

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