Organophosphate biosensors

Espinosa M, Atanasov P, Wilkins E (1999) Development of a disposable organophosphate biosensor. Electroanalysis 11 1055-1062... 

Toxin (Enzyme Inhibition) Biosensors Enzyme affectors (inhibitors and activators) that influence the rate of biocatalytic reactions can also be measured. Sensing probes for organophosphate and carbamate pesticides, for the respiratory... 

P. Mulchandani, W. Chen, and A. Mulchandani, Flow injection amperometric enzyme biosensor for direct determination of organophosphate nerve agents. Environ. Sci. Technol. 35, 2562-2565 (2001). 

A. Mulchandani, I. Kaneva, and W. Chen, Biosensor for direct determination of organophosphate nerve agents using recombinant Escherichia coli with surface-expressed organophosphorus hydrolase. 2. Fiber-optic microbial biosensor. Anal. Chem. 70, 5042-5046 (1998). 

S. Ozaki, H. Nakagawa, K. Fukuda, S. Asakura, H. Kiuchi, T. Shigemori, and S. Takahashi, Re-activation of an amperometric organophosphate pesticide biosensor by 2-pyridinealdoxime methochloride. Sens. 

A. Vakurov, C.E. Simpson, C.L. Daly, T.D. Gibson, and P.A. Millner, Acetylcholinesterase-based biosensor electrodes for organophosphate pesticide detection I. Modification of carbon surface for immobilization of acetylcholinesterase. Biosens. Bioelectron. 20, 1118-1125 (2004). 

R.P. Deo, J. Wang, I. Block, A. Mulchandani, K.A. Joshi, M. Trojaowicz, F. Scholz, W. Chen, and Y. Lin, Determination of organophosphate pesticides at a carbon nanotube/organophosphorus hydrolase electrochemical biosensor. Anal. Chim. Acta 530, 185—189 (2005). 

Mulchandani, A. Chen, W. Mulchandani, P. Wang, J. Rogers, K. R., TITEL, Biosensors for direct determination of organophosphate pesticides, Biosens. Bioelectron. 2001, 16, 225 230... 

T.T. Bachmann, B. Leaca, F. Vilatte, J.-L. Marty, D. Fournier and D.R. Schmid, Improved multianalyte detection of organophosphates and carbamates with disposable multielectrode biosensors using recombinat mutants of Drosophila acethylcholinesterase and artificial neural networks, Biosens. Bioelectr., 15 (2000) 193-201. 

A. Crew, J.P. Hart, R. Wedge and J.-L. Marty, A screen-printed, am-perometric, biosensor array for the detection of organophosphate pesticides based on inhibition of wild type, and mutant acetylcholinesterases, from Drosophila melanogaster, Anal. Lett., 37 (2004) 1601-1610. 

Y. Zhang, S.B. Muench, H. Schulze, R. Perz, B. Yang, R.D. Schmid and T.T. Bachmann, Disposable biosensor test for organophosphate and carbamate insecticides in milk, J. Agric. Food Chem., 53 (2005) 5110-5115. 

Most of the inhibition bioassays or biosensors for organophosphate and carbamate pesticides are based on the amperometric detection of the enzymatic product of the reaction. 

Liu, G., Lin, Y. (2006). Biosensor based on self-assembling acetylcholinesterase on carbon nanotubes for flow injection/ amperometric detection of organophosphate pesticides and nerve agents. Anal. Chem. 78 835 3. 

Mulchandani, P., Mulchandani, A., Kaneva, 1., Chen, W. (1999). Biosensor for direct determination of organophosphate nerve agents. 1. Potentiometric enzyme electrodes. Biosens. Bioelectron. 14 77-85. 

Simonian, A.L., Flounders, A.W., Wild, J.R. (2004). FET-based biosensors for the direct detection of organophosphate nerve toxins. Electroanalysis 16 1896-1906. 

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