Organo-mineral complex

Emerson WW, Foster RC, Oades JM (1986) Organo-mineral complexes in relation to soil aggregation and structure. In Huang PM, Schnitzer M (eds) Interactions of soil minerals with natural organics and microbes. Soil Sci Soc Am, Madison, WI, USA, pp 521-548... 

Violante A, Gianfreda L (2000) Role of biomolecules in the formation and reactivity towards nutrients and organics of variable charge minerals and organo-mineral complexes in soil environment. In Bollag J-M, Stotzky G (eds) Soil biochemistry, vol 10. Marcel Dekker, New York, USA, pp 207-270... 

Organo-mineral association in the subsurface is a natural process controlled by a range of bonding mechanisms, and therefore it is practically impossible to separate one from other. The resulting organo-mineral complex has surface properties different from the original components. For example, hydrophilic clay surfaces may become hydrophobic. 

Tuovinen, O.H. Button, K.S. Vuorinen, A. Carlson, L. Mair, M. Yut, L.A. (1980) Bacterial, chemical, and mineralogical characteristics of tubercles in distribution pipelines. Am. Water Works Assoc. J. 72 626-635 Turchenek, L.W. Oades, J.M. (1979) Fractionation of organo-mineral complexes by sedimentation and density techniques. Geoderma 21 311-343... 

Three specific areas can be identified to serve as foci for expanding the research on this material (i) The nature of the organic components interactions need to be ascertained. Do the lipids (whose chemistry is dominated by aliphatic components) and humic (whose chemistry is dominated by aromatic, carboxyl, and carbohydrate components) actually exist as distinct domains in organo-mineral complexes (ii) What is the effect of the mineral surface on adsorbed macromolecule conformation How does conformation impact the adsorption of additional NOM components (iii) Finally, a better understanding of the interfacial chemistry of these organo-mineral composites needs to be developed in order to understand the fate of many organic contaminants introduced into natural systems. 

Rao, M. A., Palmiero, F., Gianfreda, L., and Violante, A. (1996). Interaction of acid phosphatase with clays, organic molecules and organo-mineral complexes. Soil Sci. 161, 751-760. 

Satoh,T. (1984a). Organo-mineral complex status in soils. I.Thermal analytical characteristics of humus in the soils. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 30,1-12. 

NMR can provide detail regarding the types of NOM structures that are preferentially sorbed to mineral surfaces in soils and sediments. Simpson et al. (2006b) used H liquid-state and HR-MAS NMR methods to study the sorption of model compound mixtures to calcium-saturated montmorillonite. The model compound mixture included one representative compound from each of the following structural classes sugars, lignin, peptides, and long-chain aliphatics. After sorption, the supernatant was analyzed by liquid-state NMR and the organo-mineral complex... 

Figure 16.4. SFR concentration of SOM in the 53-20-, 20-2- and <2-pm-sized organo-mineral complexes from a 0- to 25-mm layer of an acrisol under conventional and no-tillage systems. Reprinted from Bayer et al. (2002b).

Kumar, M., Ghosh, S. K., and Manjaiah, K. (2004). Organo-mineral complexes in some incep-tisols of India Physicochemical and thermal properties. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 35(13-14), 1865-1889. 

Anderson D. W. and Paul E. A. (1984) Organo-mineral complexes and their study by radiocarbon dating. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 48, 298-301. 

Aluminium is a component of primary and secondary minerals, organo-mineral complexes, and in acid soils it is also converted to exchangeable or even water-soluble forms (hydroxide). 

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