Organisms, volume distribution

VOLUME DISTRIBUTION OF ORGANIC SUBSTANCES (Production Volume >1,000,000 Lbs/Yr)... 

FIGURE 3-16 Evolution of tiie volume distribution of secondary organic aerosol generated in smog diamber with 1-ppm cydcdieiene, 0.33-ppm NO, and 0.17-ppm NO,. Time from bottom to top 0, 203, 412, 631. 863, 1,109, 1,364, and 1,626 s. Compare with Rgures 3-22 and 3-26. Reprinted with permission from Heisler. ... 

On the average, the requirements for application of the statistical technique to filter data were met. Analysis of the 254 measured particle size distributions in 1979 indicates that the fine aerosol volume distribution preserved its shape. The measured sulfur mass distribution followed that of the total submicron volume. By difference, it was assumed that the organics did the same. The low relative humidity at China Lake minimized the formation of aqueous solutions due to water condensation on the particles. Therefore, it is expected that the statistical technique can be used with some success with the China Lake filter data. 

It was found that the requirements were satisfied for application of the linear regression technique to species mass concentrations in a multicomponent aerosol. The results of 254 particle size distributions measured at China Lake in 1979 indicate that the normalized fine aerosol volume distribution remained approximately constant. The agreement between the calculated and measrued fine particle scattering coefficients was excellent. The measured aerosol sulfur mass distribution usually followed the total distribution for particles less than 1 ym. It was assumed that organic aerosol also followed the total submicron distribution. 

Newcombe, G., Drikas, M., and Hayes, R. (1997). Influence of characterized natural organic material on activated carbon adsorption II. Effect on pore volume distribution and adsorption of 2-methyhsobomeol. Water Res., 31, 1065—73. 

The main difference between solid-state reactions and those in solution is that of freedom of molecular motion (1-3) due to restriction of mobility of reactants in solids. Another important feature is the heterogeneous progress of reactions (3,4) frequently observed in solid states due to the microscopically heterogeneous states of aggregation or free volume distribution of the reaction media. In the case of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), which is an organic glass and is usually regarded as an inert matrix for photophysical and photochemical processes, a marked deviation from... 

Volume distribution ratio [measured in solvent extraction studies by the equation (Dw/D) = V (mL organic solution per gram of resin) ... 

The process of drug deposition depends on the distribution volume. When a drug is associated with a carrier, the rate of drug clearance is decreased (the half-life increases), and the volume of distribution is decreased. Consequently, it promotes tumor uptake [85]. The size of the carrier (normally 5 200 mn) minimizes penetration of the drugs into the organs and renal clearance. The volume distribution of the carrier is similar to the plasma volume when the blood circulation of the drug carrier is increased and the drug release rate from the carriers is slow [2]. Therefore, this limited distribution volume increases the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), as in the case of HPMA copolymer-linked doxorubicin [86]. 

Patients with healthy kidneys receiving longterm treatment with benzbromarone are not expected to display bromide accumulation. 50 mg of benzbromarone contains 18.85 mg bromide. Even if the entire amount is reabsorbed and set free from its organic ties, this would result in a bromide pool of 336.5 mg in the steady state. Proceeding from a volume distribution where the plasma volume alone is approximately 2 500 ml, one would reckon with a maximal bromide concentration of between 13 and 14 mg/100 ml serum. Side effects normally only appear with serum concentrations of at least 150 to 200 mg/... 

Hence one extraction with 100 ml. of benzene removes 3 0 g. (or 75 per cent.) of the n-butyric acid, whilst three extractions remove 3 5 g. (or 87-5 per cent.) of the total acid. This clearly shows the greater efficiency of extraction obtainable with several extractions when the total volume of solvent is the same. Moreover, the smaller the distribution coefficient between the organic solvent and the water, the larger the number of extractions that will be necessary. 

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