Organics, solubility description

Methima ole. This compound is a white to pale buff crystalline powder with a faint characteristic odor. It is soluble in water, ethanol, and chloroform (1 g/5 mL) and only slightly soluble in other organic solvents. A detailed chemical, analytical, spectral, and chromatographic description is available (44). It is assayed titrimetrically with NaOH (54). 

The experimental procedure below describes the uptake of ciprofloxacin into sphingomyelin (SPM)/Chol LUVs. Drug delivery vehicles prepared from SPM/Chol often exhibit greater efficacy than those prepared from DSPC/Chol (13). Included is a description of the Bligh-Dyer extraction procedure (78), which involves partitioning the lipid and water-soluble drug into organic solvent and aqueous layers, respectively. This is necessary because lipid interferes with the ciprofloxacin assay. 

Kinetic descriptions of this type of biocatalyzed system in the presence of different amounts of water [9], substrates [10], or inorganic salts [51] have been reported. In some cases, solvents ( adjuvants ) have been used to increase mass transfer [6, 7]. However, it was found that upon addition of organic co-solvents longer process times were actually required, even though the substrate solubility increased several times [54]. 

Equilibria involving reductive dissolution reactions add to the complexity of mineral solubility phenomena in just the way that pE-pH diagrams are more complicated than ordinary predominance diagrams, like that in Fig. 3.7. The electron activity or pE value becomes one of the master variables whose influence on dissolution reactions must be evaluated in tandem with other intensive master variables, like pH or p(H4Si04). Moreover, the status of microbial catalysis under the suboxic conditions that facilitate changes in the oxidation states of transition metals has to be considered in formulating a thermodynamic description of reductive dissolution. This consideration is connected closely to the existence of labile organic matter and, in some cases, to the availability of photons.26... 

Brief Process Description. Suitably sized wood blocks are fed to a fixed bed gasifier operating essentially at atmospheric pressure. The gasifier is fired with pure oxygen at a rate of about 0.4 tons/ton of methanol product. After heat recovery, the gas is blown through a Lymn washer where the tar and water soluble organics and salts are removed by countercurrent contact with water. 

Because of its extremely low solubility in low-boiling and inexpensive organic solvents, nylon 66 required a new technique for converting the solid polymer into fibers hence the development of melt spinning, the third basic method for producing manufactured fibers. The following description refers essentially to nylon 66 because it was the first to use the method, but the process applies, in general, to all melt-spun manufactured fibers. 

Dudley, L. M. and B. L. McNeal. 1987. A model for electrostatic interactions among charged sites of water-soluble, organic polyions. 1. Description and sensitivity. Soil Sci. 143 329. 

The description provided in this section should include, as applicable, information on the following (a) organoleptic properties (e.g., appearance, odor, taste) (b) solid-state form (i.e., the preferred crystalline polymorph) (c) solubility profile (limit data to aqueous solubility, pH effect, and at most one or two organic solvents (d) pH, pKa, or pKb (e) melting and boiling range (f) specific gravity or bulk density (g) spectroscopical characteristics such as a specific rotation, refractive index, and fluorescence and (h) isomeric composition. 

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