Organic polymers groups

The resins used are highly cross-linked organic polymers with acidic functional groups. The most common of the resins used are sulfonated copolymers of styrene and divinylben2ene (see Ion exchange). 

Surfaces of inorganic soHds can be functionalized with catalytic groups just as organic polymers can. For example, the hydroxyl groups on the surface of siUca can be used for synthesis of the following stmcture ... 

Organic polymers provide one of the most versatile groups of materials and have widespread uses. Due to some inherent deficiencies, mainly poor heat and flame resistance, these materials suffer from limitations in certain areas of application. The resistance of polymers to high temperatures and flame may be increased by the incorporation of both aromatic rings and certain chemical elements in the polymer chain. It has been found that phosphorus, present either as a constituent in the polymer chain or incorporated as an additive in the form of a phosphorus compound to the polymer system, can make polymers flame retardant [109]. 

This is a common problem when using elemental lithium negative electrodes in contact with electrolytes containing organic cationic groups, regardless of whether the electrolyte is an organic liquid or a polymer [4]. 

The main advantage of PEO as a host is that it is chemically and electrochemically stable since it contains only strong unstrained C-O, C-C, and C-H bonds. The disadvantage is the inherent crystallinity, and considerable effort has gone into synthesizing all-amorphous polymer hosts. Unfortunately, with the bulk conductivity as the prime motivator, many amorphous polymer hosts incorporate organic functional groups which limit their practical application. Detailed accounts of many of the hosts synthesized have been reviewed [8, 32-36],... 

Typical organic polymer product groups to choose from include ... 

As an organic polymer, poly(tetramethylene oxide) was also used for the preparation of ceramers. The mechanical properties in these cases were much improved in comparison with those for hybrids from polysiloxanes. In these poly (tetramethylene oxide)-silica hybrids, the effect of the number of functional triethoxysilyl groups was examined [13]. As shown in Fig. 2, more multifunctional organic polymer produced more crosslinked hybrid networks. This means that the more rigid the structure in the hybrids is, the higher the modulus and the lower swelling property. 

By using a similar procedure for the preparation of hybrids of silica, hybrids materials consisting of other metal oxides were also prepared by the group of Wilkes [15]. For example, titania was incorporated into organic polymers by using the chemically controlled condensation (CCC) method for the preparation of poly(tetramethylene oxide)-silica or poly(dimethylsiloxane)-silica hybrids. Especially, in the case of the hybrid with poly (tetramethylene oxide), the modulus or ultimate strength of the hybrid increased in the presence of titania component, as shown in Table 3. This phenomenon was explained by the catalytic ability of... 

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