Organic light-emitting diodes electroluminescence

J-S Kim, PKH Ho, NC Greenham, and RH Friend, Electroluminescence emission pattern of organic light-emitting diodes implications for device efficiency calculations, J. Appl. Phys., 88 1073-1081, 2000. 

T. Mori, H. Kim, T. Mizutani, and D. Lee, Electroluminescent properties in organic light-emitting diode doped with two guest dyes, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 40 5346-5349 (2001). 

From the first synthesis of rare-earth /9-diketonates in 1897 by Urbain until now, hundreds of different complexes formed by reaction between Lnni ions and /3-diketone derivatives have been described in the literature. Interest for this type of complexes comes from then-potential application in numerous and diverse domains. These complexes can be used for example as extractants in solvent-solvent extraction processes or as active compounds for the development of chelate lasers or liquid lasers. But they can also find applications in NMR as shift reagents or as electroluminescent materials in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) (Binnemans, 2005b). 

Figure 4.3 Schematic representation of a simple monolayer organic light-emitting diode (OLED) incorporating an electroluminescent material between a transparent anode and a cathode.

Curry, R.J. and Gillin, W.P. (2001) Electroluminescence of organolanthanide based organic light emitting diodes. Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science, 5 (6), 481 86. 

Several articles have addressed the possibility of using dendritic molecules as electroluminescent materials in organic light-emitting diodes (LEDs) [140-148]. For example, compound 70 works as an excellent hole transport material, and has been incorporated into multilayer devices that exhibit high luminance efficiency and significant thermal stability [140, 141, 144],... 

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