Organic lactates

PURASOLV , organic lactates, 113 Puritan Products Inc., 245 PVS Chemicals hic., 245 Pylam Products Company Inc., 245 PYNAMIN , alletlu-in, 113 Pyrene, 113... 

Isozymes are oligomeric enzymes that have slightly different amino acid compositions in different organs. Lactate dehydrogenase is an example, as is phosphofructokinase. 

Currently, only few industrial products are produced from green biomass as carbon source, such as lactic acid and ammonium lactates (see chapter Microorganisms for Production of Lactic Acid and Organic Lactates), lysine (see chapter Microorgan isms for Biorefining of Green Biomass) or 2,3 butanediol. The use of green biomass... 

Microorganisms for the Production of Lactic Acid and Organic Lactates... 

Microorganisms, which are able to produce lactic acid and organic lactates, are systematically classified and morphologically and biochemically characterized, and their different metabolic pathways for the formation of various lactic acid... 

The present review work is summarized on the fermentation systems used for the biotechnological production, the various raw materials and applications of lactic acid and organic lactates. Future developments in this area with respect to the strain selection and modificatimis, genetic-engineering approaches, carbohydrate sources and their pretreatment, fermentation techniques and the downstream processing options are discussed. 

Various organic lactates are formed by LAB, such as 1,4-piperazmium-(L,L)-dilactate (Kamm et al. 1997 Richter et al. 2001), imidazole-(L)-lactate (Kamm et al. 1999), hexamethylenediamine-(L,L)-dilactate (Gutmacher 2008) and lysine-(L)-lactate (Leiss et al. 2010). Piperazinium-(L,L)-dilactate, imidazole-(L)-lactate (Kamm et al. 1999) and hexamethylenediamine-(L,L)-dilactate are applied as intermediates for the production of polylactic acid (Kamm et al. 1999, 2000). These lactates are formed by means of strains of Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei. /mportant features of L. paracasei ssp. paracasei are summarized in Table 18. 

Furthermore methods for combining the fermentation of lactic acid and production of chemical sequence products derived from lactic acid are required for the development of intermediates and speciality chemicals. A worthwhile approach could be the direct fermentation on organic lactates, such as substituted aminium lactates. 

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