Organic dopants

It was shown that adding low oxidation potential material to PFs can stabilize the emission color and increase the device efficiency [321]. However, using low-molecular-weight organic dopants causes several problems such as phase separation and crystallization. These problems can be partially solved by using polymer blends. Cimrova and Vyprachticky [334] reported... 

The combination of organic dopants with oriented assemblies of organic compounds with high-order nonlinear polarization or organic substances of large third-order susceptibility, x , with inorganic sol-gel matrices, offers a greatly expanded capability for... 

A nanofiber seeding method has been developed in order to fabricate PANI nanofiber without organic dopants, surfactants, and insoluble templates [290]. With even very small amounts of inorganic or organic nanofibers, the morphology of the resulting doped PANI powder was changed... 

Tzou, K. and Gregory, R.V. (1993) A method to prepare soluble polyaniline salt solutions - in situ doping of PANl base with organic dopants in polar solvents. Synth. Met., 53, 365-377. 

Pure silica gels - or mixed titania-silica, alumina-silica, zirconia-silica geisi94,l96,230,23i inorganic host for organic dopants. The use of... 

Sol-gel polymerization is a soft process, and it does not deform large globular imprints, let alone destroy smaU-size organic dopants. 

Fluorescence polarization of several organic dopants in a polymerizing Si02 sol-gel system was recently described by Winter et al. (80). Their main conclusion has been that the mobility of small and medium sized probe molecules is hardly affected by the gelation and that there is no rigidity at the microscopic level however, this conclusion seems to be in variance with other previously cited studies, including McKiernan s (79). 

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