Organic compounds chemical diversity, factors

Over the past ten years, ILs have moved out of the realm of academic study and are being used in a diverse range of industrial processes [44]. It is true to say that the apphcation of ILs in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals has been hampered by much green wash and focus on single-issue sustainability claims such as that ILs are better than all other solvents because they have essentially no vapor pressure and are not classified as volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Other factors hmiting take-up have been the lack of ecotoxicity and life... 

In addition to their elaborate geometries, organic compounds are noted for their sheer number and diverse chemical behavior. Several million of these compounds are known, and thousands more are discovered or synthesized each year. This incredible diversity is also founded on atomic and bonding behavior and is due to three interrelated factors ... 

The structural complexity of organic compounds arises from carbon s small size, intermediate EN, four valence electrons, ability to form multiple bonds, and absence of d orbitals in the valence level. These factors lead to chains, branches, and rings of C atoms joined by strong, chemically resistant bonds that point in as many as four directions from each C. The chemical diversity of organic compounds arises from carbon s ability to bond to many other elements, including O and N, which creates polar bonds and greater reactivity. These factors lead to compounds that contain functional groups, specific portions of molecules that react in characteristic ways. 

Table 1.6 Principal component (PC) analysis of descriptors of chemical structures for a set of diverse organic compounds (a) > 80% of the explained variance is expressed in the first four PCs (b) the loadings of the original descriptor variables in the VARIMAX rotated factor matrix reflect the grouping of the parameters (i.e. high loadings in the same PC indicate high intercorrelations between the descriptors).

Hybrid framework compounds, including both metal-organic coordination polymers and systems that contain extended inorganic connectivity (extended inorganic hybrids), have recently developed into an important new class of solid-state materials. We examine the diversity of this complex class of materials, propose a simple but systematic classification, and explore the chemical and geometrical factors that influence their formation. We also discuss the growing evidence that many hybrid frameworks tend to form under thermodynamic rather than kinetic control when the synthesis is carried out under hydrothermal conditions. Finally, we explore the potential applications of hybrid frameworks in areas such as gas separations and storage,... 

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