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Organic chemistry alkyl groups

Hydrazine and its alkylated derivatives are used as rocket fuels in organic chemistry, substituted phenylhydrazines are important in the characterisation of sugars and other compounds, for example aldehydes and ketones containing the carbonyl group C=0. [Pg.224]

Thionyl chloride and phosphorus tribromide are specialized reagents used to bring about particular functional group transformations For this reason we won t present the mechanisms by which they convert alcohols to alkyl halides but instead will limit our selves to those mechanisms that have broad applicability and enhance our knowledge of fundamental principles In those instances you will find that a mechanistic understand mg IS of great help m organizing the reaction types of organic chemistry... [Pg.166]

Sol-gel chemistry offers a unique advantage in the creation of novel organic-inorganic hybrids. The sol-gel process begins with a solution of metal alkoxide precursors [M(0/f) ] and water, where M is a network-forming element, and R is typically an alkyl group. Hydrolysis and... [Pg.58]

Antistatic agents are ionic substances, such as inorganic salts or organic materials, which attract water molecules. Outstanding materials are derived from the fatty amide and amine chemistry, such as ethoxylated alkyl amines, glycerolmonostearate, fatty alkanolamines, and sodium alkylsulfonates (C12-C16 alkyl groups are preferred because of low loss by evaporation). [Pg.775]

Catalytic asymmetric hydrosilylation of prochiral olefins has become an interesting area in synthetic organic chemistry since the first successful conversion of alkyl-substituted terminal olefins to optically active secondary alcohols (>94% ee) by palladium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrosilylation in the presence of chiral monodentate phosphine ligand (MOP, 20). The introduced silyl group can be converted to alcohol via oxidative cleavage of the carbon-silicon bond (Scheme 8-8).27... [Pg.459]

Some research groups have investigated effects of substituents less common in organic chemistry. Quin and co-workers (127,128) determined a-SCSs of tri-and tetravalent phosphorus substituents in n-alkyl and cyclohexyl derivatives (Tables 5 and 6). The difference between -PH2 and -P(CH3)2 effects is easily explained by 3-SCS(CH3) (about 10 ppm for each methyl) this approach, however, is not satisfactory for P(OCH3)2 and PC12, since it would suggest a-SCS values of ca. 16 (found 21.4) and ca. 22 (found 32.5), respectively, for those two substituents. A stereochemical dependence similar to that of X = CH3 and OH seems to exist only for the primary phosphine (X = PH2) and the compounds with tetravalent phosphorus substituents, whereas the a-SCS values of the tri-valent functions are quite similar in many cases, regardless of their stereochemical position. [Pg.238]

The oxidative addition of alkyl halides can proceed in different ways, although the result is usually atrans addition independent of the mechanism. In certain cases the reaction proceeds as an SN2 reaction as in organic chemistry. That is to say that the electron-rich metal nucleophile attacks the carbon atom of the alkyl halide, the halide being the leaving group. This process leads to inversion of the stereochemistry of the carbon atom (only when the carbon atom is asymmetric can this be observed). There are also examples in which racemisation occurs. This has been explained on the basis of a radical chain... [Pg.37]

If G were an alkyl group, it could stabilize an adjacent positive chcirge by an inductive effect. You saw this aspect of alkyl groups in Organic Chemistry 1. This inductive affect also stabilizes resonance structures with a positive chcirge on the carbon atom next to G. [Pg.105]

Ketones are less reactive towards the nucleophile. In Organic Chemistry 1, you saw that alkyl groups are electron donating. In ketones, the presence of the two alkyl groups attached to the carbonyl do a better job at compensating for the 5+ on the carbon atom than do one alkyl group and a hydrogen atom in an aldehyde. For this reason, aldehydes are more reactive than ketones. [Pg.169]

Seebach et The common features are a negative charge, a strong electrophilic group, and one of the most important functional groups of organic chemistry in both cases. But nucleophilic acylation of course is more important than nucleophilic halo-alkylation. With the Schemes 20—24 will be shown how the conception outlined before can be further developed. [Pg.122]


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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.208 ]




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