Organic caibon oxidation

Lovley DR, Phillips EJP (1988) Novel mode of microbial energy metabolism Organic caibon oxidation coupled to dissimilatory reduction of iron or manganese. Appl Envl Microbio 54 1472-1480 Lovley DR, Phillips EJP, Lonergan DJ (1991) Enzymatic versus nonenzymatic mechanisms for Fe(ni) reduction in aquatic sediments. Env Sci Tech 25 1062-1067 Luther GW, III (1987) Pyrite oxidation and reduction Molecular orbital theory considerations. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 51 3193-3199... 

For heat pumps based on the exothermic oxidation reactions taking place in mine-waste tips, the longevity of the operation will be limited by the mass of reactant (sulphide or organic caibon/coal) within the waste. However, if the principles above are applied and the reaction rates within the waste deduced, the longevity of the exothermic reactants can be estimated (see, e.g., Stroinberg Banwart 1994, 1999). In practice, however, many mine-waste tips are... 

There are two basic processes employed to manufacture activated carbons. They are refeimd to as chemical activation and gas activation. Chemical activation depends on the action of isotganic chemicals on the taw material lo dehydrate the organic molecules during carbonization (or calcination). Gas activation is achieved by the oxidation of the carbonuceous matter with air at low temperatures, or steam, flue gas, or caibon dioxide al high temperatures. This step is preceded by a preliminary carbonization of raw material,... 

In the burning process, sulfur—originally present in the fuel in the form of organic compounds—is oxidized first to sulfur dioxide, which reacts further with the caibonate that is present and additional oxygen of the air to yield calcium sulfate (anhydrite, CaS04) ... 

Aqueous OH gives with U" a pale green precipitate, nearly insoluble in excess reagent but giving some U(OH)5" above pH 6, rapidly oxidized in air to a brown color. No precipitate is obtained with chelating organic hydroxy-acid anions or excess COs . Likewise OIT does not precipitate Pu" from caibonates below a pH of 11 or 12 without reduction to Pu , e.g., as Pu3(OH)3(C03)3 H20. 

The oxidation of organic compounds to useful products was not reported extensively until the 1920s. Before then, any hot combustible material mixed with air passing over a catalyst produced mainly oxides of caibon. 

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