Organelles, Cells, Tissues, Organs and Organisms

Complex adaptative systems such as membranes are said to self-organize, but this must not be misunderstood. Indeed, self-organized criticality at each hierarchical level of biological systems is not reached independently of other levels, but in a fully coordinated and integrated manner. The readily recognizable levels are listed in Section 1.2.1, and those to be briefly considered here appear in the title of this section. 

It follows from all issues discussed in Section 2 that, as we progress in our scientific explorations and creations, the dimensions opened by the new science of complexity will unavoidably become part of our mental universe. This will affect not only the way scientists interpret their results, but above all the way experiments are designed and planned in our reality, both physical and virtual. How complexity and emergent properties can effect drug research is examined, sometimes provocatively, in Section 3. 

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