Organ injury, adjacent

Adjacent organ injury by the nephrostomy needle is rare and, provided it is recognized at the time of puncture, morbidity is low. If an organ such as the gallbladder or colon is punctured, a catheter should be inserted to tamponade the puncture site and allow the track to become covered with epithelium before gradual withdrawal... 

The individual unit of the nervous system is the neuron, a specialized cell that both receives and transmits information. The nervous system contains more than 100 billion neurons and is a major user of metabolic energy in the human body. It is also a region particularly susceptible to injury from toxic chemicals, lack of oxygen, and other assaults. Depending on the nervous region in which they reside, neurons may have different anatomical features and may use different chemical transmitters. Neurons communicate with each other and with their end organs by these chemical signals, which are released from the nerve terminal and interact with specific receptors on adjacent neurons or cells. 

Peritonitis is defined as the acute, inflammatory response of peritoneal lining to microorganisms, chemicals, irradiation, or foreign body injury. Peritonitis may be classified as either primary or secondary. With primary peritonitis, an intraabdominal focus of disease may not be evident. In secondary peritonitis, a focal disease process is evident within the abdomen. An abscess is a purulent collection of fluid separated from surrounding tissue by a wall consisting of inflammatory cells and adjacent organs. It usually contains necrotic debris, bacteria, and inflammatory cells. 

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