Ore smelting

The Japanese Direct Iron Ore Smelting (DIOS) process. This process produces molten iron directly with coal and sinter feed ore. A 500 ton per day pilot plant was started up in October, 1993 and the designed production rates were attained as a short term average. Data generated is being used to determine economic feasibility on a commercial scale. 

Roh-alkohol, m. crude (or raw) alcohoL -analyse, /. rough or approximate analysis, -antimon, n. crude antimony, -arbeit, /, (Metal.) ore smelting, -asbest, m. crude asbestos. -aufbereitung, /. preliminary preparation, -benzol, n. crude benzene, benzol (or benzole), -blei, n. crude lead, -blende, /. (Mining) crude blende, -block,... 

Some cokeless technologies in use or under development include the Japanese direct iron ore smelting (DIOS) process, in which molten iron is produced directly with coal and sinter feed ore, the HIsmelt process, where ore fines and coal are used to achieve a production rate of 8 t/h using ore directly in the smelter, and the Corex process, which has an integral coal desulfurizing step, making it amenable to a variety of coal types.14... 

It seems that making arsenical copper was characteristic of a transitional stage of technological development, the alloy apparently first replacing pure copper and then eventually being supplanted by bronze. It is possible that during the early Bronze Age it was realized that the use of arsenic-rich copper ores, or the incorporation of arsenic ores into copper ores smelting... 

Inatani, T., The Current Status of JISF Research on the Direct Iron Ore Smelting Reduction Process (DIOS Project), in AIME Ironmaking Conf. Proc., p. 651 (1991)... 

In iron ore smelting spherical pellets of iron oxide (taconite) are reacted with CO (from coke) in a blast furnace... 

Aerosols of particles larger than 2 pm also cause damage to the upper respiratory system. Arsenic oxides, sulfides, and chlorides are used in a variety of industries, such as manufacturing of colored glass, ceramics, semiconductors, and fireworks and in hide processing. However, upper respiratory exposure to these compounds is most likely to occur in ore smelting industries and in pesticide manufacturing. 

At Lea, in tbe neighborhood of Alston. Moor, the ores smelted are, for the most part, of two kinds— namely, an almost pure galena, and another ore of lead, which has the annexed composition <—... 

Zinc oxide is a very old technological material. Already in the Bronze Age it was produced as a byproduct of copper ore smelting and used for healing of wounds. Early in history it was also used for the production of brass (Cu-Zn alloy). This was the major application of ZnO for many centuries before metallic zinc replaced the oxide [149]. With the start of the industrial age in the middle of the nineteenth century, ZnO was used in white paints (chinese white), in rubber for the activation of the vulcanization process and in porcelain enamels. In the following a number of existing and emerging electronic applications of ZnO are briefly described. 

Emissions of sulfur to the atmosphere by humans are almost entirely in the form of SO2. The main sources are coal-burning and sulfide ore smelting. The total anthropogenic flux is estimated to be about 80TgS/year (Ivanov, 1983) and is thus essentially equal in magnitude to the natural flux of low oxidation state sulfur to the atmosphere. Clearly, the atmospheric sulfur cycle is intensely perturbed by human activity. To estimate the spatial extent of this perturbation, we will need some idea of the residence time of sulfur in the atmosphere. 

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