Transition stages

Fogs are fine airborne droplets usually formed by condensation of vapor. Many droplets in fogs are microscopic and submicroscopic and serve as a transition stage between mists and vapors. 

Following the initial protective period, under certain conditions of temperature, alloy and gas composition , the oxidation goes through a transitional stage into breakaway. Several authors have reported that breakaway oxidation is initiated once the scale reaches a critical thickness or weight gain and only occurs below an initially protective duplex layer . 

Ice-cream must be kept at low temperature right up to the point of final consumption. If it is allowed to soften, the entrained air bubbles may escape and the original texture will be lost. If it softens and is then re-frozen, a hard, solid skin forms, making the product inedible. Ice-cream must always be handled quickly when passing through transit stages from the factory to consumer. 

Kishimoto et al. (1974, 1981) found a general acid catalysis by protonated pyridines in coupling reactions of the 1-naphthoxide ion if weakly electrophilic diazonium ions were used. In this case it is likely that the general acid protonates the carbonyl oxygen of the o-complex, with a concerted or stepwise deprotonation at the 4-position (transition stage 12.150). 

Figure 33 shows a typical scratch test curve of Sample 4. Both the penetration depth and the residual depth as well as the tangential force can be obtained from this curve. The critical load can be found from the transition stages plotted in the three curves. The critical load (L ) of Sample 4 is 86.63 mN. 

It seems that making arsenical copper was characteristic of a transitional stage of technological development, the alloy apparently first replacing pure copper and then eventually being supplanted by bronze. It is possible that during the early Bronze Age it was realized that the use of arsenic-rich copper ores, or the incorporation of arsenic ores into copper ores smelting... 

Incipient Mesophase Initial stage of mesophase formation transition stage between amorphous and mesophase... 

Type II industrial systems represent a transitional stage where resource recovery becomes more integral to the workings of the industrial systems, but does not satisfy its requirements for resources. Manufacturing processes and environmental processes are integrated at least partially. Whole facility planning is at least partially implemented. 

Diloxanide is also active against cysts and trophozoites localized in the lumen of the intestine, and it is used for treating the carrier E. histolytica, as well as for treating asymptomatic or moderate forms of amebiasis. In the transition stage to trophozoites, the drug is less active than iodoquinol. A synonym of this drug is furamide. 

Semifusinite is also included in the vitrinoid group of macerals. It is distinguished from fusinite by a degree of translucence in thin section and lower reflectivity in polished specimens. Semifusinites may be subgrouped according to appearance, which however was not attempted. The semifusinites very often occur as a transition stage between vitrinoids and fusinoids. 

The interpretation for these peculiar objects has not been established. There are two possibilities though. One is that we are observing the transition stage of an evolved star from M- to C-type with a... 

Carbohydrate nomenclature has been an ever-present problem in this series. It has recently been the subject of rather extensive consultations between representatives of the American and British carbohydrate chemists, and the final results have appeared in printed form, Chem. Eng. News, 31, 1776 (1953) and J. Chem. Soc., 5108 (1952). Meanwhile, the present volume represents rather a transition stage in this development, particularly as regards the use of the O-substitution indication, which has been employed only in part. More uniform usage may be expected in the future. 

The previous 13 figures show several transition stages in the behavior of the solution to the given IVP from having one fixed asymptotic steady-state solution for low values of hf] through small oscillation for all times, to limit cycles, irregularity, and chaos back to repeated oscillations with ever-decreasing numbers of periods and then back to one... 

This is usually a transition stage between the laboratory and the projected final process. Figure 4 also shows typical responses that may have to be evaluated during the ranging studies on the tableted product. 

Some polymer-composition vs. conversion curves were obtained for the copolymerizations with different f s (Figure 2), and all of them seem to intersect the ordinate at 1.0. From the initial slope of the curves and the monomer ratio in the aqueous phase the monomer reactivity ratio was calculated, but the calculation resulted in a negative r2. Therefore, it was concluded that the copolymerization could not be regarded as a homogeneous one even just after the beginning of the reaction. The first stage was considered to be a transitional stage to establish the particle formation. 

The need for participatory approaches in support of political decisionmaking gives capacitation to citizens, society, and institutions prime priority in any strategy to evolve to a new energy transition stage... 

However, several exothermic reactions are characterized by moderate or low values of the B number here, the transition stages from safe to runaway conditions may cover a quite wide range of the parameter values, and the choice of the boundaries for the safe region is very discretional. Hence, not surprisingly, the main discrepancies among the different criteria are found at low B numbers [14, 15]. Moreover, in this case, runaway is a less dramatic phenomenon posing the problem to decide whether a bland explosion still represents a safety issue. In this case, an effective runaway criterion should be more properly determined on the basis of the actual ability of the system to comply with certain levels of temperature and pressure. 

Ganels and Mackenzie (1971a) envisioned the following scenario simulating the nature of the Earth s surface system during the transitional stage. 

The X-ray crystal structure for AZ-28 has a variety of structural features that are consistent with the proposed mechanism operative for the oxy-Cope rearrangement. The antibody binds the transition stage analog in a chair-like conformation, consistent with the preferred chair transition state for this pericyclic reaction (Doering and Roth, 1962). The positions of the C-2 and C-5 atoms are fixed in the antibody-bound hapten molecule in a similar fashion, the C-2 and C-5 positions in the hexadiene substrate should be held in a fixed position by conserved van der Waals interactions locking in the two phenyl substituents in the antibody combining site. This bound conformation of the acyclic (47T + 2er) system of the hexadiene substrate should enforce a molecular conformation close to the transition state for the rearrangement reaction, consistent with the catalysis observed for AZ-28. 

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