Order interlayer positional

When all the K is assigned to the contracted 10 A layers and a plot made of the amount of K per 10 A layer versus percent 10 A layers (Fig.18), a distinct positive relation is apparent. The data indicate that when there are no expanded layers the clay contains 0.8 K per O10(OH)2 the amount of K systematically decreases and for 40% contracted layers the concentration is 0.55 K per Oi 0(OH)2. If some K is present in the expanded layers the amount of K in the contracted layers would be even lower. These data may indicate the calculated proportion of contracted layers is high or, on the basis of Hower s (1967) reasoning, the amount of ordered interlayering increases with a decrease in the proportion of contracted 10 A layers (less average charge per layer is required to contract ordered interlayers than random interlayers). Another possibility is that approximately 20% of the contracted layers are chlorite. It is difficult to detect less than 40% illite layers interlayered with montmorillonite and it is probably equally difficult to detect 20% or so chloritic layers (Weaver and Beck, 1971a). 

Liquid-like layers with the molecules upright on the average (fig. 1.1.5(a)) negligible in-plane and interlayer positional correlations. Thus the structure may be described as an orientationally ordered fluid on which is superimposed a onedimensional density wave. A number of polymorphic types of smectic A have been discovered (see 5.6). 

Interlayer positional order Quasi-long range Quasi-long range Long range... 

These batteries incorporate a polyacenic semiconductor (PAS) for the active material of the positive electrode, lithium for that of the negative electrode and an organic solvent for the electrolyte. PAS is essentially amorphous with a rather loose structure of molecular-size order with an interlayer distance of 4.0 A, which is larger than the 3.35 A of graphite [56, 57]. 

Water on Smectites. Compared to vermiculites, smectites present a more difficult experimental system because of the lack of stacking order of the layers. For these materials, the traditional technique of X-ray diffraction, either using the Bragg or non-Bragg intensities, is of little use. Spectroscopic techniques, especially nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared, as well as neutron and X-ray scattering have provided detailed information about the position of the water molecules, the dynamics of the water molecule motions, and the coordination about the interlayer cations. 

We assume that at low concentrations atomic hydrogen enter into the van der Waals gap by the presented on the Fig. 2a schema and creates H2 molecules that occupy an ordered positions schematically shown in Fig. 2a. Appearance of hydrogen molecules in the gap, result in occurrence of interlayer pressure and in increasing of interlayer parameter C0. At higher concentrations atomic hydrogen incorporate into the crystal layers. 

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