Orbital gland

In many cervids and bovids, a pigmented furrow connects the anterior aspect of the orbit to the posterior surface of the preorbital sac (Schaffer, 1940). It has been proposed that orbital secretions pass from the orbit to the preorbital sac via this furrow in deer and thus perhaps contribute to the exudate of the preorbital sac (Harder, 1694 Schaffer, 1940 Quay and Mtiller-Schwarze, 1970). The nearest orbital gland is the Harderian gland, which is located in the anterior aspect of the orbit, and the ducts of which open on the... 

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the orbital glands of a generalized tetrapod. ALG/NG anterior lacrimal gland (sauropsids) or nictitans gland (mammals), HG Harderian gland, NLD nasolacrimal duct, PLG/LG posterior laerimal gland (sauropsids) or laerimal gland (mammals).

These are but two opposite poles of a range of possible scenarios. Current information remains inadequate for more definite statements about the nature or evolutionary history of the interaction between orbital glands and vomeronasal sensory organ. However, future studies of both HG and VNO function should consider the possibility of such an interaction, even in tetrapods such as anurans, urodeles, lizards, and mammals, in which the anatomical arrangements between these organs are more subtle than those of snakes and caecilians. 

Bellairs, A., and Boyd, J. D., 1947, The lachrymal apparatus in lizards and snakes - 1. The brille. the orbital glands, lachrymal canalicult and origin of the lachrymal duct, Proc. Zool. Soc. (Lond.) 117 81-108. 

Chieffi-Baccari, G., Di Matteo, L., and Minucci, S., 1992, The orbital glands of the chelonians Pseudemys scripta and Testudo graeca comparative histological, histochemical and ultrastructural investigations, J. Anal. 180 1-13. 

Cowan, F. B, M., 1969, Gross and microscopic anatomy of the orbital glands of Malaclemmys and other emydine turtles. Can. J. Zool. 47 723-729. 

Rehorek, S. J., Firth, B. T., and Hutchison, M. N., 2000a, Can an orbital gland function in the vomeronasal sense A study of the pygopodid Harderian gland. Can. J. Zool 78 648-654. 

Rostral extremity of left orbit Intra-orbital (Harderian) gland... 

Lacrimal Lacrimal Lateral upper eyelid and lacrimal Along the upper outer wall of the gland orbit to a depth of 1 inch Maxillary Division of Trigeminal Nerve (V2) ... 

Figure 23-30 (AJ Recurrent sebaceous gland carcinoma of the right upper eyelid with ill-defined borders. (B) Postoperative right orbital exenteration and nasolacrimal duct resection of the patient in A. (Courtesy Dr. Nick Holdeman, University of Houston, College of Optometry.)...

The Schirmer II test can offer a preliminary functional assessment of lacrimal gland function. Gross inspection of the superior-lateral portion of the orbit may reveal prolapse of the gland, which may or may not adversely... 

For a long time, the Hartree-Fock (HF) theory combined with the self-consistent field (SCF) procedure proved arguably to be the most useful method for computational chemists despite its well-known limitations. Within its framework, orbitals can be constmcted to reflect paired or unpaired electrons. If the molecular system has a singlet spin state, then the same orbital spatial function can be used for both the Gland (3-spin electrons in each pair. This assumption is called the restricted Hartree-Fock method (RHF). 

In the mouse, Harderian gland SCO is involved in the biosynthesis of another class of lipids the l-alkyl-2,3-diacylglycerols [23]. The Harderian gland is located in the orbit of the eye. The major products of the gland vary among different species of mammals. In rodents, the gland synthesizes lipids, indoles, and porphyrins, which are secreted by an exocytotic mechanism. The major lipid synthesized by the mouse Harderian gland is... 

---