Orange bloom

One can concentrate more on animals such as barnacles and mussels to model the corrosion mechanisms involved in macrofouling. In the next two subsections, we will look at (micro)algae and the mixed microbial community (also known as orange bloom ). 

While the exact mechanism by which orange bloom fouling can facilitate corrosion is stiU a matter of debate, it is believed that microbial succession between SRB and SOB could be one of most likely mechanisms. 

FIGURE 4.30 Schematic presentation of orange bloom on a steel pile (not to scale). (With kind permission from Springer Science+Business Media Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion—An Engineering Insight, 2008, Javaherdashti R.)... 

Plate 14b, c Ipomoea obscura herbaceous twiner (to 2 m) Paleotropics from E-Africa to N-Australia/Polynesia b yellow to orange-blooming form c CTeam to white-blooming form with purple centre Sects. 3.1 / 3.3 / 3.4 / 3.5 / 4.2.3.3 / 6.2.2 / 6.6.3.2 / 6.6.4.2... 

A commonly seen problem with steel piles in ports and jetty stmctures is a type of electrochemical corrosion called accelerated low water corrosion (ALWC) . An integral part of ALWC could be MIC [11]. In fact, some definitions of ALWC do consider MIC an integral part of the definition [12]. This type of corrosion has been observed and reported in ports all around the world, including the USA [13], Europe [12], and Australia [14]. In many cases of ALWC, microbial corrosion manifests itself as a mass which is orange in colour and collectively referred to as orange bloom (Figures 7.3a-d). 

Figure 7.3 a Orange bloom (arrowed) as seen from above the water level, b Close-up of the same mass under water, c The steel underneath the orange bloom, and d its close-up after removal of the orange bloom (all images courtesy of Extrin Consultants)... 

Figure 7.5 Perforation on the steel under the orange bloom (courtesy of Extrin Consultants)...

Strong migration tendencies practically exclude monoazo yellow and orange pigments from being used for the mass coloration of plastics they bleed and bloom considerably in most polymer systems. Again, Pigment Yellow 97 is an exception... 

Symptoms In early spring, new leaves thicken and start to twist and curl, becoming yellow or orange-red. Red blisters appear on leaves in early summer. Infected leaves develop a pale bloom, turn brown, and fall. Regular attacks reduce vigor and croppings, and disfigure the tree. 

The safflower plant as we know it resembles the Scottish thistle but has yellow, orange, or red florets rather than the purple bloom of the thistle. However, the commercial species of safflower, C. tinctorius, does not become a weed. The plant grows to a height of 30-150 cm, develops many branches (unless affected by natural or artificial environmental conditions), and develops a thickened taproot that can extend down to 4 m. 

Red. orange, or yellow, bell-shaped blooms hang downward in groups of 8-10 from crown imperial s / -.. .. d -.j i nperialis 3 tall flower stalks. Smaller checkered lilies i/T meleagris)... 

Very early spring-blooming, bulbous reticulated iris (/. reticulata) hybrids have fragrant, narrow-petaled, 3" blooms, mostly in blues and purples with orange or yellow signals, amid sparse, 4-sided leaves that grow to IV2 after bloom. 

Hybridizers have created a glorious mix of lilies with 3"-12" flowers in a variety of distinctive shapes, resembling peaked caps, turbans, bowls, trumpets, or broad, curly stars. They bloom in shades and combinations of white, pink, red, yellow, orange, lilac, and green, many dotted in maroon or near-black. Plants bear a few to 2 dozen or more flowers atop 2-7, upright stems clothed in narrow... 

Emodine (l,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methyl-9,10-anthracenedione, archin) [518-82-1] M 270.2, m 253-257 , 255-256 , 256-257 , 262 , 264 (phenolic pKs 7—10). Archin forms orange needles from EtOH, Et20, C6H6, toluene or pyridine. It sublimes above 200° at 12mm. [Turin Clewer J Chem Soc 99 946 1911, IR Bloom et al. / Chem Soc 178 1959, UV Birkinshaw Biochem J 59 495 1955, Raistrick Biochem 734 159 1940.]... 

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