Oral liquids incompatibilities

Oral liquid concentrates are available for use in patients who can more easily swallow a liquid. These concentrates are light sensitive and dispensed in amber or opaque bottles to help protect the concentrate from light. They are administered mixed in liquids such as fruit juices, tomato juice, milk, or carbonated beverages. Semisolid foods, such as soups or puddingy, may also be used. Perphenazine (Trilafon) concentrate should not be mixed with beverages containing caffeine (coffee, cola), tea, or apple juice because of the risk of incompatibility. 

A variety of different artificial sweeteners have been approved for use in oral liquid dosage forms by the FDA. One general characteristic for artificial sweeteners is their very high sweetness compare to sucrose. This also results in a much lower concentration needed in the formulation, which can lower the cost and/or risk of incompatibility with the drug or other excipients. Additionally, a sugar-free formulation... 

Flavoring agent Dosage in oral liquids Taste Physical incompatibilities Chemical incompatibilities Solubility... 

The other three classes of preservatives have been widely used in ophthalmic, nasal, and parenteral products, but not frequently in oral liquid preparations. The neutral preservatives are volatile alcohols their volatility introduces problems of odor and loss of preservative on aging in multidose preparations. The mercurials and quaternary ammonium compounds are excellent preservatives but are subject to incompatibilities.Mercurials are readily reduced to free mercury, and the quaternary compounds are inactivated by anionic substances. 

Stansbury> Guest, VS, pat, 2,768,965 (1956 to UCC). Commercial process Sanders, Taff, Ind. Eng. Chem. 46, 414 (1954)- The commercial product, a viscous liquid, is a mixture of 8 optically active isomers djj 1.010 rtjp 1,5040 nj 1 5023. Practically insol in water. Sol in alcohol, petr ether, kerosene, carbon tetrachloride, ethylene dichloride, nitromethane. Incompatible with alkalies, LDM orally in mice 480 mg/kg. 

Viscous liquid. The commercial product is yellow. bplllw 146-148°. nf 1.5727. Vapor press, at 20° 2.2 X 10 mm. Slightly sol in water. Sol in most organic solvents. Incompatible with lime. LDM Orally in male, female rats 1040, 1220 mg/kg, T, B, Gaines, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol 14, 515 (1969). 

Dark brown liquid. bp0J)5 138-140 . Incompatible with oil, oil based sprays, and lime-sulfur mixtures, LD, in male rats (mgikg) 23 i.v. 980 orally (Larson). 

Brown or greenish-brown, irregular lumps, mp 85-90. In sol in water. Freely so] in alcohol, chloroform, ether, creosote, soln of chloral hydrate, alkalies slightly sol in benzene, carbon disulfide. Incompat Of Liquid preparations Mineral acids, acacia, ferric chloride, gold chloride, perman -ganates, spirit nitrous ether, water. LDn orally in rats > 5000 mg/kg (Jenner). 

Liquid, characteristic aromatic odor and warm, but disagreeable taste, djf —0.994. bp 124°. mp 12°. ng 1.4049, Sol in 8 parts water at 25°, in 17 parts boiling water miscible with ale, chloroform, ether, oils. Gives acetaldehyde on healing with dll HCl or on warming with several drope coned H SO,. Incompat. Alkalies, hydrocyanic acid, iodides, oxidizers. LDM orally in rats 1.65 g/kg (Figot). 

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