Oral drug therapeutic system

Numerous microfabrication techniques have been used to produce a wide range of implantable and oral drug delivery systems using materials ranging from silicon, glass, silicone elastomer, and plastics. Fabrication techniques have rapidly evolved to produce nanoscale objects and therapeutic systems using polymeric materials as the substrate due to their biodegradable nature. There are a number of different synthetic polymer systems that have been developed for this type of application, and the most common ones are listed below ... 

Sharma, Sadhna, G. K. Khuller, S. K. Garg. Alginate-based oral drug dehvery system for tuberculosis pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efSectsC Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 51, no. 4 (2003), 931-938. 

Shah, R.B., Ahsan, F., and Khan, M.A. 2002. Oral delivery of proteins progress and prognostication. Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems 19(2), 135-169. 

Furthermore, central-acting antimuscarinic drug are effective in the treatment of motion sickness. In this indication the alkaloid scopolamine has been shown to be effective. It can be applied orally, intra venously or via a transdermal therapeutic system. 

There are few occasions where a drug is delivered alone in a pure form into the body, but it is usually combined with other materials (called excipients) to form drug delivery systems ( medicines , formulations or dosage forms ). These promote accurate dosing, therapeutic effectiveness, stability and patient acceptability. By far the most common route for delivering drugs into the body is by the oral route, swallowing a tablet or capsule. 

Although oxybutynin has a well-documented therapeutic effect in patients with bladder instability [198], the drug has a high incidence of adverse effects, observed in 30% to 80% of recipients [199], The occurrence of these untoward effects necessitates treatment discontinuation in up to 25% of patients, depending on the dosage [200], In order to reduce the incidence of adverse reactions, a number of oral controlled-release systems have been reported [191,201,202],... 

Digenis, G. and Sandefer, E., Gamma scintigraphy and neutron activation techniques in the in vivo assessment of orally administered dosage forms, Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems, Vol. 7, No. 4, 1991, pp. 309-345. 

Drug Delivery System To develop a viable oral controlled-release drug delivery system capable of delivering a drug at a therapeutically effective rate to a desirable site for the duration required for optimal efficacy. 

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