Oral administration of drugs

Pinto J.F. and Muller R.H., Pellets as carriers of solid lipid nanoparticles (SEN) for oral administration of drugs, Pharmazie, 54, 506, 1999. 

The presence of fluorine atoms does not only protect a molecule from oxidative metabolism but can also protect from proteolysis, by disfavouring the formation of cationic intermediates involved in proteolysis processes. This is particularly important for oral administration of drugs sensitive to acidic media, because of... 

Pouton, C.W. (2000). Lipid formulations for oral administration of drugs Non-emulsifying and self-emulsifying drug delivery systems. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci., Suppl. 2, S93-S98. 

Dissolution rate improvement may be beneLcial for producing readily dissolved solids for parenteral or oral administration of drugs subject to hydrolysis. For solid oral dosage forms, the initial rate increase can be sufLcientto alterthe amount of drug that enters the blood and improve the there peutic potency. Unlikan vitro test systems, the concentration in the Gl cavity may never approach... 

Mucoadhesive liposomes are a new type of particulate drug carrier for oral administration of drugs. They are easily prepared by mixing a liposomal suspension with mucoadhesive polymers such as chitosan and carbopol. The... 

The animals received drinking water containing 0,01% 6-propylthiouracil (PTU) ad libitum. After 2 days oral administration of drugs to be tested began and was... 

Considering that most novel therapies would rely on oral administration of drugs, such molecules have to fulfill requirements to achieve suitable pharmacokinetic behavior. The most quoted and commonly used guidelines are Lipinski s Rule-of-5 (8) and Veber s rotational bonds (9) that have been based on a statistical analysis of marketed oral drugs. Considering such boundaries, it has been estimated that about... 

For prophylaxis an antiemetic is best taken 1 h before exposure to the motion. About 70% protection may be expected by the right dose given at the right time. Once motion sickness has started, oral administration of drugs may fail, and the i.m., s.c. 

The oral administration of drugs through hydrogels is one of the routes that has aroused the most interest among researchers, who have tackled this form of administration, mainly through two strategies. 

Sensitivity to pH Changes. The second strategy developed for the oral administration of drugs through hydrogels is based on their sensitivity to changes in pH in different areas of the digestive which allows them to swell to acid or neutral pH and to release the bioactive compound in areas such as the stomach or intestine. 

The principal sites for sulfation reactions are the liver and kidneys, although an important site, especially after oral administration of drugs, is the small intestine. Sulfation in the gut can seriously affect the bioavailability of some drugs such as paracetamol (see Figure 5.3) and is the main reason why adrenaline (epinephrine) is not effective when given orally... 

Kwon, Y. and Inskeep, P.B. (1996) Theoretical considerations on two equations for estimating the extent of absorption after oral administration of drugs. Pharmaceutical Research, 13, 566-569. 

FIGURE 9.26 Repeated oral administration of drugs leads to steady-state plasma concentrations. If elimination is rapid and administration not often enough, then an elevated and therapeutically effective steady-state concentration may not be achieved (green lines). In contrast, if elimination is very slow (or administration too often), then an accumulation of the drug may be observed with no constant steady state (red line). Blue line shows a correct balance between frequency of administration and elimination. 

Rabiskova M, Vostalova L, Medvecka G, Horackova D. [Hydrophilic gel matrix tablets for oral administration of drugs]. Ceska Slov Farm 2003 Sep 52(5) 211-217. Czech. 

Stress ulcers are ulcers of the stomach or duodenum that occur in the context of a profound illness or trauma requiring intensive care. The etiology of stress-related ulcers differs somewhat from that of other peptic ulcers, involving acid and mucosal ischemia. Because of limitations on the oral administration of drugs in many patients with stress-related ulcers, intravenous H2 receptor antagonists have been used extensively to reduce the incidence of GI hemorrhage due to stress ulcers. Now that intravenous preparations of proton pump inhibitors are available, it is likely that they will prove to be equally beneficial. 

Several routes of drug administration, including extravascular (oral, intramuscular, subcutaneous, transdermal, inhalation, etc.) and intravascular routes (intravenous and intra-arterial), are used to deliver drugs into the body. Oral administration of drugs is the most common route because it is... 

Micro and nano-particles nsed for oral administration of drugs are solvent cast using water or organic solvents. The stirring rate and temperature under which the particles are processed greatly affects their dmg release rate and degradation properties. 

Woodley, J. F., 1986, Liposomes for oral administration of drugs, Crit. Rev. Ther. Drug Carrier Syst. 21-18. 

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