Optimum amount loaded

From a practical point of view, it is likely to be sufficient to estimate the column saturation capacity using the retention time method from several single-component overloaded elution profiles. Part of the purpose of the screening tests is also to determine the impact of the column saturation capacity of the product for different mobile-phase systems, temperatures and packing media. Since the optimum amount loaded is a stronger function of the separation factor than the column saturation capacity, estimation of the column saturation factor over an exact measurement may be sufficient. It is likely to be sufficient to use only the product species saturation capacity as measures of the... 

From calculation of the loading factor and using an estimated value for the column saturation capacity from the screening studies, the optimum amount loaded. for species / can be calculated, Eq. (7.13). 

In summary, as the separation factor increases, the optimum flow rate decreases, thus the required plate count. A lower plate count is acceptable to achieve similar yields because the separation is easier. The optimum amount loaded per gram increases, the production rate increases and. thus the total cost decreases. 

The volume of reactor without beads was 1.4 1. The column was loaded with the solidified uniform beads of S. cerevisiae. The void volume of the reactor was 660 ml when it was packed with immobilised beads. The growth of beads with different proportions of column packing is shown in Figure 8.9. A fresh feed of 10 g l 1 glucose solution was pumped from the bottom of the reactor. The optimum amount of packing obtained was 65-70% of the reactor volume. The trend of the collected data resembles the growth curve of yeast in... 

Using model predictions, it was found that the highest NO conversions were generally achieved at Pt loadings above 0.5% w/w and Ba loadings above 7.5% w/w. In addition, there is an optimum amount of Pt, which depends on the amount of Ba present and necessary to maximize the initial NOx storage/reduction. The initial NOx storage/reduction capacity decreases if the Ba content is increased beyond a certain optimum value. This was attributed to decrease in Pt dispersion and also reduced contact area between Pt... 

Maximum Conversion C = gift) Optimum Amount of Distillate Dj = g2(t) Optimum Reflux Ratio r = g3(t) Total Reboiler Heat Load QR = g4(t)... 

Estimate optimum column length, flow rate, amount loaded and required plate count based on the engineering design calculations or numerical methods. 

Similarly to the above, the concentration of AIBN (1-20 mol% relative to alkene) was found not to significantly affect the conversion and percent yield of the monoadduct in the case of 1-octene (Table 3). The optimum amount of AIBN in the ATRA of CCI4 was found to be approximately 5 mol%. Furthermore, the alkene conversion and the percent yield of monoadduct were relatively independent on AIBN concentration in the ATRA of CCI4 to styrene and methyl acrylate when copper(II) loading was high (1 mol%). Further decrease in catalyst loading for both monomers resulted in quantitative conversions, but significantly lower yields. 

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