Optics, nonhnear

Nonhnear absorption is the key mechanism responsible for 3D structuring of materials, including photoresists and photosensitive resins. Optical nonhn-earities take place when intensity of the irradiating electrical approaches that of molecular couphng, which occurs at the levels of approximately 10 ° V/m or 100 GW/cm. Detailed description of optical properties of polymers can be foimd in the literature [8]. Among the optical nonhnearities, multipho-... 

Wang, W.-T., Yang, G., Chen, Z.-H., Zhou, Y.-L., Lii, H.-B., Yang, G.-Z. Large third-order optical nonhnearity in Au nanometer particle doped Ba l iO composite films near the resonant frequency. Chinese Phys. 11 1324—1327 (2002)... 

D.-P. Surface-enhanced optical nonhnearity of a gold film. Opt. Commun. 229, 425-429 (2004)... 

Marder, S.R., Beratan, D.N., Tiemann, B.G., Cheng, L.T., Tam, W. Structure/property relationships for organic and organometallic materials with second-order optical nonhnearities, Spec. Publ. -R.S.C. 91, 165-175 (1991)... 

Harper, A.W., S. Sun, L.R. Dalton, S.M. Garner, A. Chen, S. Kalluri, W.H. Steier, and B.H. Robinson. 1998. Translating microscopic optical nonhnearity to macroscopic optical nonlinearity The role of chromophore-chromophore electrostatic interactions. / Opt Soc Amer B 15 329-337. 

Iota V, Yoo CS, Cynn H (1999) Quartzlike carbon dioxide an optically nonhnear extended solid at high pressures and temperatures. Science 283 1510-1513... 

S. R. Marder, J. W. Perry, C. P. Yakymyshyn, Organic salts with large second-order optical nonhnearities. 

Marder, S., J. Perry, B.G. Tiemann, R.E. Marsh, and W.P. Schaefer. 1990. Second-order optical nonhnearities andphotostahihties of 2-N-methylstilbazolium salts. Chem. Mater. 2 685-690. 

The reaction with nitroethanol in the presence of di-)i-bntylammmonium chloride in refluxing iropentyl acetate gives 2-unsnbsdtnted 3-nitro-2H-chromene in 50% yield. Some 3-nitro-2H-chromenes display efficient optical second harmonic generadon for nonhnear opdcal apphcations. 

Chemla D, Zyss (1987) Nonhnear optical properties of organic materials, vols 1 and 2. Academic Press, New York... 

Petrov, G. L, and Yakovlev, V. V. 2005. Enhancing red-shifted white-light continuum generation in optical fibers for applications in nonhnear Raman microscopy. Opt. Express 13 1299-1306. 

Petrov, G. L, Yakovlev, V. V., and Minkovski, N. 1.2004. Broadband nonhnear optical conversion of a high-energy diode-pumped picosecond laser. Opt. Commun. 229 441-45. 

Shcheslavskiy, V., Petrov, G. I., and Yakovlev, V. V. 2005h. Nonhnear optical properties of collagen in solution. Chem. Phys. Lett. 402 170-74. 

Vinergoni, C., Bredfeldt, J. S., Marks, D. L., and Boppart, S. A. 2004. Nonhnear optical contrast enhancement for optical coherence tomography. Opt. Express 12 3310341. 

In conclusion, it should be noted that fluorene derivatives 16 and 22, with large two-photon absorption cross sections, high fluorescence quantum yields and high photochemical stabihty imder one- and two-photon excitation are outstanding candidates for various linear and nonhnear optical apphcations, especially 3D fluorescence bioimaging. 

Margeat, O., Lacroix, RG, Costes, J.P., Donnadieu, B., Lepetit, C., and Nakatani, K. (2004) Synthesis, structrrres, and physical properties of copper(II)-gadohnium(III) complexes combining ferromagnetic coupling and quadratic nonhnear optical properties. Inorganic Chemistry, 43, 4743 750. 

Asher, S., Holtz, J., Weissman, J. et ah, Mesoscopically periodic photonic crystal materials for linear and nonhnear optics and chemical sensing, MRS Bull., 23, 44, 1998. 

The starting point for nonhnear optics is the constitutive relationship between the polarization induced in a molecule (p) and the electric field components of incident electromagnetic waves ( ). With the electric dipole approximation that ignores magnetic dipoles and higher order multipoles... 

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