Optical sol-gel

R. M. Bukowski, R. Ciriminna, M. Pagliaro and F. V. Bright, Anal. Chem., 2005, 77, 2670. For instance, a new easy-to-use handheld optical sol-gel oxygen sensor (named FOXY-LITE, see also the website http //www.oceanoptics.com) with a response time of less than one second is commercialized at 1999 since March 2004 by the US company Ocean Optics Ltd. 

PT, PZT, PLZT nonvolatile memory, ir, pyroelectric detectors, electro—optic waveguide, and spatial light modulators sol—gel, sputtering... 

S. Shibata, T. Kitagawa, and M. Horiguchi, "WhoUy Synthesized Fluorine-Doped SUica Optical Fiber by the Sol-Gel Method," in Technica/Digest of the 13th European Conference on Optica/ Communication, He/sinki, Fin/and, Association of Electrical Engineers of Finland, Helsinki, 1987, pp. 147—150. 

J. W. Fleming, "Sol-Gel Techniques for Lightwave AppUcations," paper no. MH-1 in Technica/ Digest of Optica/ Fiber Communications Conference, Reno, Nev., Optical Society of America, Washington, D.C., 1987. 

Nonlinear Optical Devices. A transparent, optically active, sol—gel-derived organic—inorganic glass has been synthesized (68). This hybrid consists of a 2,4-dinitroaminophenylpropyl-triethoxysilane covalently bound to a siUcon alkoxide-derived siUca network. This hybrid exhibits a strong electric field-induced second harmonic signal and showed no signs of crystallization. 

Antireflective (AR) coatings are required on optics to reduce the reflective surface losses. Vitreous siHca coatings in the form of porous or multilayer films are used extensively in this appHcation. Antireflective coatings have been developed which employ coUoidal fused siHca sol—gel particles made from organometaUic materials (253). 

Stabilization. A critical step in preparing sol—gel products and especially Type VI siHca optical components is stabilization of the porous stmcture as indicated in Figure 1. Both thermal and chemical stabilization is required in order for the material to be used in an ambient environment. The reason for the stabilization treatment is the large concentration of hydroxyls on the surface of the pores of these high (>400 /g) surface area materials. 

E. M. Rabinovich, in L. C. Klein, eds., Sol-Gel Optics Processing andMpplications, Kluwer Academic Pubhshers, Boston, Mass., 1994, p. 1. 

A new generation of mesoporous silica (SG) materials obtained by sol-gel technique where polymers and ionic or non-ionic surfactant act as stmcture - directed templates is widely developed during last year s. Final materials can be synthesized as thin films and used as sensitive elements of optical and electrochemical sensors. 

Low temperature sol-gel technology is promising approach for preparation of modified with organic molecules silica (SG) thin films. Such films are perspective as sensitive elements of optical sensors. Incorporation of polyelectrolytes into SG sol gives the possibility to obtain composite films with ion-exchange properties. The addition of non-ionic surfactants as template agents into SG sol results formation of ordered mechanically stable materials with tunable pore size. 

For optical fibers, improved control over the stracture of the thin films in the preform will lead to fibers with improved radial gradients of refractive index. A particnlar challenge is to achieve this sort of control in preforms created by sol-gel or related processes. 

Reisfeld R, Jorgensen CK (1991) Optical Properties of Colorants or Luminescent Species in Sol-Gel Glasses. 77 207-256... 

Sakka S (1996) Sol-Gel Coating Films for Optical and Electronic Application. 85 1-50... 

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