Optical phase conjugation

For example, it could be due to the scattering of Ei from the (refractive index) grating formed by the interference of E2 and E [i.e., a nonlinear polarization term of the form E2E2 )E. Another possibility is the scattering of E2 from the grating formed by the interference of E and E [i.e., a nonlinear polarization term of the iovm E E2)E2]. 

Both processes carry a wave vector mismatch M4 = k ( 1+ 3)- Since 2= and k =—k, we have AAt4= 0 (i.e., a perfectly phase-matched four-wave mixing process). However, the grating constant associated with (E2E ) is much smaller than that associated with ) as a result of the larger wave mixing angle. 

Taking into account only the grating term E E ), the coupled equations for the four interacting waves within the nonlinear medium are given by 

As pointed out in the preceding section, the first terms (in square brackets) on the righthand sides of these equations are phase modulation effects caused by the spatially static terms in the optical intensity fimction. Notice that, because of the presence of these phase modulations, the initially perfect phase-matching condition (M=0) will be degraded as these waves interact and propagate deeper into the nonlinear meditun. 

To qualitatively examine the results and implications of optical phase conjugation, we ignore here the phase modulation terms. We also assume that both waves El and E2 (usually referred to as the pump waves) are very strong compared to the probe wave 3 and the generated wave E4 (i.e., Ai and A2 are constant). We thus have 

---

Beyond the scope of this article, Anderson explains the operation of the gyroscope in intimate detail and describes two problems that have proved most vexing to manufacturers of the rtng-laser gyroscope, namely, frequency locking at low rotation rates and the bias effect. Improvements In this instrument are expected in the relatively near future heeause of what scientists have recently learned pertaining to the phenomenon of optical phase conjugation. 

Poly(diacetylenes) also exhibit large %(3) values in resonant modes. Optical phase conjugation (DFWM) was demonstrated at 532 nm in solutions of a soluble diacetylene polymer, with %(3) 5 x 10-12 esu. 136) No... 

Yariv, A. Fisher, R. A. Optical Phase Conjugation Fisher, R. A., ed. Academic Press, New York, 1983. 

Figure 24. Degenerate four-wave mixing experimental arrangement and optical phase conjugation with photorefractive polymers...

Two other items are of particular general interest. The observation that picosecond optical phase conjugation can be induced in conjugated organic molecules is of considerable significance for optoelectronics. ... 

Brignon, A., Sillard, R, and Huignard, J.-P. (1996). Vector phase conjugation in CrV YAG b four-wave mixing with linearly-polarized pump beams. Appl. Phys. B 63, 537-540. fvlohajerani, E. and Mitchell, G. R. (1993). Temperature optimisation of optical phase conjugation in dye doped polymer films. Opt. Commun. 97, 388-396. 

Feinberg J (1983) In Fisher RA (ed) Optical phase conjugation. Academic Press, New York... 

Optical phase conjugation allows the reversal of the phase of the electromagnetic wave associated with a beam of light. It has applications in real-time adaptive optics where it is used to correct aberrations, in image processing and in optical computing [10-12]. 

Fisher, R.A. Ed., Optical Phase Conjugation, Academic New York, 1983... 

Tlie usual experimental techniques developed to study the optical Kerr effect in materials have already been described in a preceding chapter of this book. We only mention here the methods which have especially been used for nanocomposite materials as colloidal solutions or thin films Degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) and optical phase conjugation, which provide the modulus of x only and may be completed by Interferometry techniques to get its phase as well, optical limiting, optical Kerr shutter, and z-scan, which is probably the most common technique used in recent years due to its ability to provide simultaneously the nonlinear refraction and absorption coefficients of the same sample point [118],... 

Ricard, D., Roussignol, P., Flytzanis, C. Surface-mediated enhancement of optical phase conjugation in metal colloids. Opt. Lett. 10, 511-513 (1985)... 

Mohajerani, E. and Mitchell, G. R. (1993), Temperature optimisation of optical phase conjugation in dye doped polymer films. Opt. Commun. 97, 388-396. 

Use of molecular reorientational nonlinearity in optical phase conjugation [6] study of the influence of molecular structure on molecular reorientational nonlinearity [7],... 

Optical phase conjugation [8] optical beam amplifications involving orientational and thermal nonlinearities [9] polarization switching and beam amplification employing the intensity dependent birefringence of liquid crystals [10]. 

SELF-STARTING OPTICAL PHASE CONJUGATION (SSOPC)... 

I. C. Khoo, Hong Li and Yu Liang, "Self-Starting Optical Phase Conjugation in Dyed Nematic Liquid Crystal with Stimulated Thermal Scattering Effect," Opt. Letters, 18i. p. 3 (1993). 

Degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) and optical phase conjugation... 

M. Gower, D. Proch (eds.), Optical Phase Conjugation, Springer, Berlin (1994). 

P. Gunter, Holography, Coherent Light Amplification and Optical Phase Conjugation with Photorefractive Materials, Phys. Rep. 93 (1982) 199. 

---