Optical micrographs, blends

Figure 7 Optical micrographs for NR-LDPE (65 35) blends (a) cured with sulfur and (b) cured with peroxide. Source Ref. 19.

Figure 1 Optical micrographs in the flow direction of the extruded strands of the PP-LCP blends exhibiting viscosity ratios of (a) t7lcp i7pp = 0,6, and (b) 2.8 [44].

Figure 2 Optical micrographs of melt mixed PP-LCP blends single-screw extruded at melt temperatures of (a) 250°C, and (b) 260°C.

The morphology of the injection molded blends is shown in the optical micrographs of Fig, 5. 

FIGURE 20.14 (a) Height image of a cluster of carbon black (CB) particles. The sample was prepared by pressing the particles into a pellet, (b) Optical micrograph of a cryo-ultramicrotome cut of a mbbery composite loaded with silica, (c, d) Phase images of a nanocomposite of polyurethane (PU) loaded with silica and a mbber blend based on natural mbber (NR) and styrene-butadiene copolymer (SBR) loaded with siUca, respectively. The samples were prepared with a cryo-ultramicrotome. 

To confirm the shape of the spherulites described by the Avrami exponent, polarized optical micrographs of the isothermal crystallized melt blends were taken, and are shown in Figure 20.26 [44],... 

Figure 20.26 Polarized optical micrographs of isothermal crystallized (4h) melt blends (x400) (a) 210°C (b) 230°C (c) 210°C (d) 230°C [44], From Park, J. K Park, Y. H., Kim, D. J. and Kim, S. H., Crystallization kinetics of TLCP with polyester blends, J. Korean Fiber Soc., 37, 69-76 (2000). Reproduced with permission of The Korean Fiber Society...

Figure 4. Polarized optical micrographs of polymer blends, (a) two homopolymer blend with PE/PS = 50/50 (100x). (b) two homopolymers and PE-g-PS copolymer blend with PE/PE-g-PS/PS = 45/10/45 (lOOx).

Fig. 16. Optical micrographs of decomposition structures obtained from 50/50 blend solutions containing initially 3 wt% of total polymer. Storage periods t at room temperature and annealing temperature as indicated...

Fig. 5 a Most prominent in-plane length A as determined from optical micrographs as a function of the weight fraction (As of the blend component PS for a fixed amount of 3 mg/cm2 deposited. The coloured points resemble samples investigated by GISAXS. b Most prominent in-plane length A as a function of the amount of solution deposited for a fixed ratio of PS PnBA =3 7... 

Large Sized Structures. With an increased amount of deposited material of 3 mg/cm2 and a blending ratio of PS PnBA = 3 7 (weight fraction of the blend component PS 0ps = 0.3) a larger in-plane structure results. A typical optical micrograph is shown in Fig. 8b. Small PS drops are embedded in a PnBA matrix [46], The statistical analysis of the optical micrographs yields a most prominent in-plane length A = 1.13 pm (shown by the red dot in Fig. 5a). 

Fig. 8 a Example of blend film sample measured under two different experimental resolution conditions relaxed resolution set-up (green open circles) and high resolution set-up (red crosses). The corresponding resolution limits are marked by vertical lines and the most prominent in-plane length of 1.3 pm is marked by an arrow. The solid lines are fits based on a model described in the text, b Corresponding optical micrograph... 

Figures 2a, 2b.—(a) (top) Optical micrograph of the microtomed section of the 25/75 PC-PST blend. (b) (bottom) Transmission electron micrograph of the 25/75 PC-PST blend.

Figure 3. Optical micrographs of 50/50 blends for various isothermal annealing time at 250°C.

Figure 12. Optical micrographs of blends of amino terminated PIP (2OK) with carboxylic acid terminated, PMS (lOK) micrograph (a), PMS (20K) micrograph (b), and PS (3 OK) micrograph (c).

K) (a) optical micrograph of the related unfunctiO-nalized polymer blend (b). The scattering vector, qx (41T/X) sin (0/2) where 0 is the observation angle. dS/dn is the differential scattering cross-section per atom with respect to the solid angle, as normalized to a unit volume. 

Figure 3.42. Optical micrographs of isothennally T = 135°C) crystallized thin films of PP/PlB jj j blends with different compositions [Martuscelli et at., 1983],...

Figure 7.6 Optical micrographs and AFM images displaying the crystalline morphologies of the 2/98 sPP/POE blend crystallized at various temperatures (AFM images were obtained at room temperature after the samples were isothermally crystallized at a present temperature and subsequently cooled to room temperature).

Figure 7.8 Optical micrographs displaying the dependence of composition on the crystalline morphologies in blend of sPP/POE at 120°C.

Figure 7.12 (a) Solid-liquid phase diagram for the iPP/POE blends displaying isotropic (I), coexistence of crystal-isotropic (Cj -f 1), two crystals form—isotropic (Cj + C2 +1) regions, and crystal-crystal (Ci+ C2 + Cj) (Cl and C2 correspond to a- and -y-forms of iPP and C3 corresponds to crystal of POE), obtained by means of LS and DSC. (b-f) Optical micrographs displaying the dependence of supercooling on crystalline structure in the blend of iPP/POE (10/90) isothermally crystallized at various indicated temperatures. 

Figure 7.22 (a) Liquid-solid phase diagram for the ePP/POE blends displaying isotropic (I), coexistence of isotropic-crystal (I + Ci), coexistence of isotropic-crystal (I + Ci + C2), and crystal-crystal (Cl + C2 + C3) regions (Ci and C2 correspond to crystals of a- and 7-phase of ePP, respectively, while C3 corresponds to POE), (b-f) Optical micrographs obtained displaying the dependence of crystallization temperature on crystalline morphologies of the 70/30 ePP/POE blend isothermally crystallized at various temperatures. 

Figure 9.19 Optical micrographs of sphemUtes during crystallization at 403K, (a) iPP, (b) iPP/EP92 (80/20) blend, (c) iPP/EP89 (80/20) blend, (d) iPP/EP84 (80/20) blend, (e) iPP/EP77 (80/20) blend, and (f) iPP/EP53 (80/20) blend. (From Reference 37 with permission from Elsevier Ltd.)...

Figure 16.8 shows the development of spherulitic morphology in the 50/50 iPP/ EPDM blend (6) upon cooling from 230°C to ambient at a slow cooling rate of 0.5°C min As depicted in Fig. 16.8a, the polarized optical micrograph under the cross... 

Figure 16.9 Optical micrographs obtained for a 50/50 sPP/EPDM blend isothermally quenched at 100°C. Left column depicts the evolution of phase separation under the unpolarized condition and right column indicates the growth of crystals under the cross-polarized condition.

Figure 17.12 Optical micrographs, taken at room temperature after cooling of the samples, of iPP/ SBH 90/10 w/w blend (a) and of compatibilized blends with 5 wt% COPP50 (b) or with 5 wt% COPP70 (c). Magnification 200x. (From Reference 38 with permission from John Wiley Sons, Inc.)...

Figure 21.6 Polarized optical micrographs of PP, PP/epoxy, PP/MAH-g-PP/epoxy, and dynamically cured PP/epoxy blends at 136"C for 30 min (a) PP, (b) 70/30 PP/epoxy, (c) 60/10/30 PP/MAH-g-PP/ epoxy, and (d) 60/10/30/1.2 PP/MAH-g-PP/epoxy/EMI-2,4. (From Reference 48 with permission from Wiley Interscience.)...

Figure 21.17 Optical micrographs of the PP/epoxy/CB (70/30/6) blend. (From Reference 60 with permission from Wiley Interscience.)...

An analysis of the optical micrographs of thin films of blends shows that the overall morphology depends on the composition and on the molecular mass of the elastomer. 

Fig. 1, Optical micrographs of melt crystallized films of iPP/PiBLi4 blends, Tq = 131° C, crossed polars a) 90/10, b) 80/20.

---