Optical materials, fabrication

This manuscript describes the dendritic macromolecules for optical and optoelectronic apph-cations, particularly stimulated emission, laser emission, and nonlinear optics. Dendrimers have been designed and synthesized for these applications based on simple concepts. A coreshell structure, through the encapsulation of active imits by dendritic branches, or a cone-shaped structure, through the step-by-step reactions of active imits, can provide particular benefits for the optical high-gain media and nonlinear optical materials. It also described experimental results that support the methods presented for designing and fabricating functionalized dendrimers for optoelectronic applications, and theoretical results that reveal the intermolecular electronic effect of the dendritic structure. 

This review will highlight the interrelationships between basic photopolymer science and practical applications of this technology. Each application of photopolymer technology can be described in terms of three primary descriptors the mode of exposure, the mechanism of the photopolymer reaction employed and the visualization method used. Using this foundation, the widely diverse applications of photopolymer technology to electronic materials, printing materials, optical and electro-optical materials, the fabrication of devices and polymeric materials, adhesives and coating materials will be discussed. 

An optical material has an absorption coefficient of 10 cm at 400 nm. (a) What thicknes s of material must you cut to fabricate an optical filter with optical density of 3 at 400 nm (b) If you have a laser of 1 W power at this wavelength but you... 

Progress in the design and fabrication of high-quality optical microresonators is closely related to the development of novel optical materials and technologies. The key material systems used for microresonator fabrication include silica, silica on silicon, silicon, silicon on insulator, silicon nitride and oxynitride, polymers, semiconductors such as GaAs, InP, GalnAsP, GaN, etc, and crystalline materials such as lithium niobate and calcium fluoride. Table 2 smnmarises the optical characteristics of these materials (see Eldada, 2000, 2001 Hillmer, 2003 Poulsen, 2003 for more detail). 

Film fabrication -for nonlinear optical matenals (NONLINEAR OPTICAL MATERIALS] (Vol 17)... 

This investigation shows that an organized assembly ranging from isolated molecules to expanded structures stabilized inside a sodalite host matrix (Figure 1) can be readily fabricated out of a material that is normally a I-VII semiconductor. The (8-2n)Na,2nAg,2X-SOD sodalites might find applications as electronically tunable nonlinear optical materials (see later). 

The ability to integrate an electro-optic material with other optical devices, e.g. light sources and detectors, and with electronic drive circuits is important. Integrability implies that the electro-optic materials and the processing of these materials are compatible with the other components, and that electrical and optical interconnects can be fabricated. Polymer glasses are widely used in the fabrication of electronic devices and device interconnects. Polymers are also used as photoresists and as dielectric interlayers for electrical interconnects. As a result, a body of knowledge already exists concerning planarization methods of polymers on substrates, the definition of microscopic features, and the fabrication of microstructures in planar polymer structures. 

Nanocomposites involving noble metals nanoparticles and assisted by natural polysaccharide have been fabricated. The plasmon resonance absorption due to nanoparticles has been shown by the method of electronic spectroscopy. Regularities of their formation with target optical characteristics to design new optical materials have been established. 

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