Operations turnaround

Easy to install and use Capacity of 300 acres Lightweight Night operation Turnaround of 15 minutes Quick cleanup... 

Since the first fluid-bed catalytic cracking unit was commissioned in 1942, more than 300 additional units have been built. During this time, the process has evolved and has seen considerable improvement in mechanical constmction, reflabiUty, and process flow. A modern FCCU typically operates continuously for three to four years between turnarounds, during which time 10 kg of feedstock are processed and 7 x 10 ° kg of catalyst circulated. Early FCCU designs, (53) were complex compared with the compact configuration of more recent design (Fig. 1). 

When customers maintain small inventories, truck dehveiy is often used, provided the location of the supply point is nearby, usually 550 km (300 mi) or less, and dehveries are frequent. If, however, a user maintains large inventories, dehveries are ordinarily made by rail. Other parameters influencing choice are transportation cost operating costs of suppher loading facihties customer receiving and unloading facilities turnaround time for the container and the num-... 

Blocked outlet. Operation or maintenance errors (especially following a plant turnaround) can block the outlet of a hquid or vapor stream from a piece of process equipment, resulting in an overpressure condition. 

Startup This includes procedures addressing pre-startup operations, initial startup, startup following turnaround and startup after emergency shutdown. 

Pure preventive maintenanee alone eannot eliminate breakdowns. Breakdowns oeeur due to many faetors sueh as, design and or manufaeturing errors, operational errors, and wearing out of various eomponents. Thus, ehanging out eomponents at fixed intervals does not solve the problems and in some eases adds to the problem. A study at a major nuelear power station indieated that nearly 35% of the failures oeeurred within a month of a major turnaround. Figure 21-2 shows the life eharaeteristies of a major pieee of turbomaehinery. 

This means that parts must be ordered in advance for the turnaround and other work must be planned so that the whole operation may proceed smoothly and without holdups that could have been foreseen. This usually means close collaboration with the manufacturer or consultant and the OEM (or specialty service shop) so that handling facilities, service men, parts, cleaning facilities, inspection facilities, chrome plating and/or metaliz-ing facilities, balancing facilities, and some cases even heat treatment facilities, are available and will be open for production at the proper time required. This is the planning, which must be done in detail before the shutdown with sufficient lead-time available in order to have replacement parts available at the job site. 

Disposal of Drainage of Process Equipment Contents - When items of onsite process equipment are taken out of service, either individually during plant operation or for general turnaround, means of draining and safe disposal of the residual liquid hydrocarbon contents must be provided. The following are important considerations and terminology in the design ... 

Business and production cycles. Certain types of operations and facilities have predictable production cycles for example, some facilities may have scheduled annual turnarounds or a seasonal production peak. You are likely to get better cooperation and results if you re able to schedule the installation during moderate periods rather than at peak times. 

Cyclone separators are extremely important to the successful operation of the cat cracker. Their performance can impact several factors, including the additional cost of fresh catalyst, extra turnaround maintenance costs, allowable limits on emission of the particulates, incremental energy recovery in the wet gas compressor, and hot gas expander. 

Performance constraints, in terms of operating cost, product turnaround time, and others. 

Turnaround—A time during which a unit is shutdown for repair and maintenance after a normal run, before it is returned to operation. 

Unattended operation of the laboratory robot extends the working day and permits faster sample turnaround. In a manufacturing/quality control environment, faster release of product for shipment can greatly reduce inventory costs. 

Corrosion products plugged the lines making it difficult to operate the stripper. Ultimately, the stripper operation was discontinued while the crude column remained in operation. This should have signaled the need for a major turnaround. Management did not have the perspective to analyze and prohe the reasons behind these operating problems. 

For fast turnaround operation of automated fill lines. Within the range 6.0-9.0. 

A cost-effective layout that provides for easy operability and quick turnarounds is often designed by someone with a background in the piping discipline. This is most likely because of their ability to think in three dimensions and their familiarity with visualizing three-dimensional piping (see Piping systems). 

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