Oncogenes types

Retroviridae Types B and C Oncovirus numerous leukemias, including friend. oncogenic of lower animals... 

Occasionally, some of the animal cells in short-term cultures do not die, but instead survive indefinitely. These types of animal cell cultures, which can divide indefinitely, are called established cell lines. Established animal cell lines have been obtained from both normal and tumorigenic cells. Immortalized animal cell lines have also been successfully obtained from short-term cultures following their transformation with appropriate oncogenes. 

Propst, F Rosenberg, M. P., Iyer, A., Kaul, K and Vande Woude, G. F. (1987). c-mos proto-oncogene RNA transcripts in mouse tissues structural features, developmental regulation, and localization in specific cell types. Mol. Cell. Biol. 7 1629-1637. 

The proteins encoded by most proto-oncogenes are normally expressed in a variety of differentiated cell types, where they generally function as... 

For example, c-Fos is heavily phosphorylated on a series of serine residues in the C-terminal domain of the protein by several types of protein kinases. The likely functional importance of these phosphorylation sites is indicated by the fact that the difference between c-Fos (the normal cellular form of the protein) and v-Fos (the viral oncogene product) is a frameshift mutation in the v-Fos protein, which obliterates the phosphorylated serine residues. It is speculated that the loss of these phosphorylation sites removes one mechanism by which the cell can regulate the protein, thereby leading to cellular transformation. 

Choo CK, Rorke EA, and Eckert RL [1993] Calcium regulates the differentiation of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) immortalized ectocervical epithelial cells, but not the expression of the papillomavirus E6 and E7 oncogenes. Exp Cell Res 208 161-169... 

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