Oligosaccharide components

In Gram-negative bacteria the cell wall is only about 3 nm thick, and located in the extended periplasmatic space between the inner membrane (IM) and an additional outer membrane (OM). The lipid monolayer in the outer leaflet of the OM contains about 90% lipopolysaccharides (LPS). LPS consist of Lipid A and an oligosaccharide component, which is highly specific for individual bacterial species and phenotypes [108, 114]. 

The oligosaccharide components play a direct and central role in the biosynthesis, secretion, serum half-life and potency of the gonadotrophins. The sugar components attached to the a-subu-nits play an important role in dimer assembly and stability, as well as hormone secretion and possibly signal transduction. The sugars associated with the P-subunit, while contributing to dimer assembly and secretion, appear to play a more prominent role in clearance of the hormone from circulation. 

The oligosaccharide components of glycoproteins are generally branched heteropolymers composed primarily of D-hexoses, with the addition in seme cases of neuraminic acid, and of L-fucose—a 6-deoxyhexose. 

J. Defaye and J. M. Garcia-Fernandez, The oligosaccharide components of caramel, Zucke-rind., 120 (1995) 700-704. 

II. Synthesis and Immunological Evaluation of Protein Conjugates of Oligosaccharide Components of Bacterial Polysaccharides... 

Baker and Caterson have separated link proteins 1 and 2 by preparative gel electrophoresis, and have presented evidence that link proteins 1 and 2 are glycoproteins which differ in their oligosaccharide components, but not in their amino acid composition (33). The compositions of link proteins 1 and 2 from bovine nasal cartilage (kindly provided by Dr. John Baker) are shown in Table III (.23). 

The most obvious function of oligosaccharides is their barrier function, that is, to protect their associated protein or an associated cell surface. The oligosaccharide component of mucus makes it slippery and viscous. The mucus of the stomach and intestines protects the cells fiom the harsh environment (Rhodes, 1997). 

Figure 11.25 Mass spectrometric sequencing of oligosaccharides. Carbohydrate-cleaving enzymes were used to release and specifically cleave the oligosaccharide component of the glycoprotein fetuin from bovine serum. Parts A and B show the masses obtained with MALDI-TOF spectrometry as well as the corresponding structures of the oligosaccharide-digestion products (using the same scheme as that in Figure 11.18) ...

Cerezyme (r B-glucocerebrosi-dase. Differs from native human enzyme by one amino acid, R4957H, and has modified oligosaccharide component) E coli Genzyme Treatment of Gaucher s disease... 

Both avidin and its bacterial counterpart, streptavidin, are standard reagents for histochemical procedures. Avidin is a 66-kDa, positively charged glycoprotein with an isoelectric point of about 10.5 (4). The positively charged residues and the oligosaccharide component of avidin can interact nonspecifically with... 

Cerezyme (r -glucocerebrosidase produced in CHO cells differs from native human enzyme by 1 amino acid, Arg495 is substituted with a His, also has modified oligosaccharide component) Genzyme treatment of Gaucher s disease 1994 (US) 1997 (EU)... 

Carbohydrate-cleaving enzymes were used to release and specifically cleave the oligosaccharide component of the glycoprotein fetuin from bovine serum. 

---