Oligodendrocytes nervous system development

The vertebrate nervous system including neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and other cells originates from a flat sheet of neuroepithelial cells, constituent of the inner lining of neural plate along the dorsal surface of embryo (Fujita, 2003). These neuroepithelial cells are the earliest precursors in the developing CNS. 

Wolswijk, G. and Noble, M., In vitm studies of the development, maintenance and regeneration of the oligodendrocyte-type-2 astrocyte lineage in the adult central nervous system, in Neumglia, Ketterman, H. and Ransom, B. R., Eds., Oxford University Press, New York, 1995, 149-161. 

Coating of axons by myelin sheets produced by oligodendrocytes (in the CNS) and Schwann cells (in the PNS) provide electrical insulation and make transmissions along the axon more rapid [97]. The peak level of myelin synthesis in vivo takes place in the second week postnatally in rats and during the last trimester in humans [10]. However, the process of myelin formation continues during development into adulthood making the nervous system sensitive to myelination disrupters for an exceptionally long period [98]. 

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