Nucleotide, oligo

A. Nolte, S. Klussmann, R. Bald, V. Erdmann, J.P. Furste, Mirror-design of L-oligo-nucleotide ligands binding to L-arginine, Nat. Biotech. 14 (1996) 1116-1119. 

Niemeyer, C M, Sano, T, Smith, C L, and Cantor, C R (1994) Oligo-nucleotide-directed self-assembly of proteins semisynthetic DNA-strepta-vidin hybrid molecules as connectors for the generation of macroscopic arrays and the construction of supramolecular bioconjugates. Nucleic Acids Res. 22, 5330-5339. 

Peptides have also been used as tags (Figure 6.12) in a similar manner to DNA oligo nucleotides. The sequence of amino acids in the encoding peptide is determined using the Edman sequencing method. This amino acid sequence is used to determine the history of the formation and hence the structure of the product found on that bead. 

The problem with that approach is that the caged oligo-nucleotides have to be injected at the one cell stage. As they are diluted and degraded during the normal development of the organism, their uncaging is efficient only for a few hours after fertilization. 

Figure 119. Structures of base—sugar extended oligo(nucleotide)s.

Asseline, U. (2002) Properties of modified oligo nucleotides involving positive charges Influence of their number and placement, in Modified Nucleosides, Synthesis and Applications (ed. D. Loakes), Research Signpost, p. 33. 

R. Higuchi, R. Watson, Kinetic PCR analysis using a CCD camera and without using oligo nucleotide probes. In PCR Applications (Eds. M.A. lnnis, D.H. Gelfand, J.J. Sninsky), Academic Press, San Diego, 1999, pp. 263-284. 

Schwartz, H E, Ulfelder, K, Analysis of Bases, Nucleosides, and (Oligo)nucleotides by Capillary Electrophoresis, in Methods in Molecular Biology, K. Altria, Editor, Humana Press Inc. Totowa, NJ. p. 227. 

DNA is not normally broken down, except after cell death and during DNA repair. RNA is turned over in much the same way as protein. The enzymes involved in breaking down both types of polynucleotides are the nucleases, or more specifically deoxy-ribonucleases and ribonucleases, they hydrolyze DNA and RNA, respectively, to oligo-nucleotides which can be further hydrolyzed (Fig. 14-38) so eventually purines and pyrimidines are formed. 

The activities of these multifunctional enzymes can be employed for purposes of producing various base- and sugar-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and poly(oligo)nucleotides. The advantage arising from the multifunctionality is that entire reaction sequences, as occuring with high efficiency in vivo, can be carried out in vitro with the aid of such an enzyme. ... 

Target Oligo- nucleotide Separation System Detection System Model Ref. 

Kim, Y. Tewari, M. Pajeroski, D.J. Sen, S. Jason, W. Sirsi, S. Lutz, G. Discher, D.E. Efficient nuclear delivery and nuclear body localization of antisense oligo-nucleotides using degradable polymer-somes. Conf. Proc. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc. 2006,1, 4350-4353. 

Then there is focussed library synthesis, FLS. In its broadest sense this involves synthesis of a larger number of compounds than TOS, often using solid-phase chemistry (Box 1), but where all the products are still quite similar. FLS allows more exhaustive exploration than TOS of a relatively small volume of biological chemical structure space. Peptide library synthesis can be considered one of the first examples of this category because an underlying polypeptide backbone, which is the same for all members of the library, is elaborated with variable side-chains. Taking its lead from peptides and oligo-nucleotides, much effort has been directed over the last decade towards library synthesis with substrates bound to solid supports, to facilitate... 

The sequence of the narB gene was determined in both directions using the dideoxy-method. For stretches without suitable restriction sites oligo-nucleotides were used as primers. 

The peptide was synthesized by the Peptide Synthesis Facility at Queens University. The DNA was provided by the Nucleic Acid Synthesis Facility at the University of Calgary. The peptide MRSRSPSRSKSPMR was dissolved in aqueous (90%/10% H2O/D2O) solution to a final concentration of 5 mM, the pH of the solution was adjusted to 6.5. The oligo-nucleotide d(T6C4A6) was dissolved in aqueous (90%/10% H2O/D2O) solution with lOOmM phosphate buffer (pH 6.5) and 150mM KCl to a concentration of 2.5mM. Aliquots of the peptide stock solution were added to the d(T6C4A6) solution for the titration experiments. 

DNA FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) Oligo nucleotide probe Targeted +... 

With the protocol described previously it is possible to cotransfect plasmid cDNA and siRNA. In this case 1 /xl siRNA plus 1 /xl plasmid cDNA are added in step 1, resulting in a total oligo-nucleotide volume of 2 //I. 

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